Human Need
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
A Human Need is a organism need required by a human (innate to surviving as an organism).
- Context:
- It can (typically) drive behaviors and decision-making processes, influencing everything from individual actions to societal structures.
- It can (often) be provided by another Human Need Provider (e.g. parent, healthcare organization) through various social, economic, or emotional support systems.
- It can (often) be associated with a Human Desire, involving both a state of desire and human seeking behaviors driven by these needs.
- ...
- It can range from being a Person Need to being a Pre-Person Human Need.
- ...
- It can be modeled by a Humuan Need Model (such as Maslow's hierarchy).
- It can vary across Cultures and Societies, with differing strategies for satisfying these needs based on social norms and available resources.
- It can be influenced by Internal Biological Factors such as genetic inheritance.
- It can be influenced by External Environmantal Factors such as economic conditions.
- ...
- Example(s):
- One from Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
- a Basic Human Need (a fundamental necessity), such as:
- A Human Subsistence Need, such as for food and water.
- A Human Protection Need, such as for physical security and shelter.
- a Human Physical Need (a physiological requirement), such as:
- A Human Hygiene Need, such as for regular washing.
- A Human Physical-Activity Need, such as for exercise and stretching.
- a Human Nutritional Need (a dietary requirement), such as:
- A Human Macronutrient Need, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats for energy and growth.
- A Human Micronutrient Need, such as vitamins and minerals for overall health.
- a Human Sexual Need (a physical and emotional requirement), such as:
- A Human Reproduction Need, essential for species continuation.
- A Human Intimacy Need, important for emotional connection and relationship bonding.
- a Human Safety Need (a requirement for security), such as:
- A Human Environmental Safety Need, such as protection from natural disasters and pollution.
- A Human Personal Safety Need, such as protection from violence and crime.
- a Human Rest Need (a physical and mental recovery requirement), such as:
- A Human Sleep Need, essential for cognitive function and physical health.
- A Human Relaxation Need, necessary for stress management and emotional balance.
- a Human Cognitive Need (a mental stimulation requirement), such as:
- A Human Learning Need, necessary for knowledge acquisition and skill development.
- A Human Problem-Solving Need, critical for decision-making and creative thinking.
- a Psychological Human Need (a mental and emotional requirement), such as:
- A Human Affection Need, such as for love and emotional support.
- A Human Identity Need, such as for a sense of self and personal growth.
- A Human Mental Health Need, such as for psychological stability and well-being.
- A Human Emotional Well-Being Need, such as for emotional balance and resilience.
- a Social Human Need (a requirement for social well-being), such as:
- A Human Participation Need, such as for social interaction and community involvement.
- A Human Belonging Need, such as for social connection and a sense of belonging.
- a Person Self-Fulfillment Need (a personal development need), such as:
- A Human Creation Need, such as for creative expression.
- A Human Freedom Need, such as for autonomy and personal choice.
- A Human Status Need, such as for self-esteem and recognition.
- A Person Understanding Need, such as the need for education and knowledge.
- A Person Leisure Need, such as the need for rest and recreation.
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- Non-Human Animal Needs, such as a dog need.
- Organizational Needs, such as a worker need (or a shareholder need).
- Human Wants (which are largely optional).
- See: Customer Need, Wants, Strategic Sustainable Development, Individualistic Society, Collectivist Society, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Psychological Needs, Social Needs
References
2024
- (Wikipedia, 2024) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/need Retrieved:2024-08-12.
- NOTES:
- Needs are defined as dissatisfactions at a point in time and in a given context, distinct from wants or desires.
- A need causes a clear adverse outcome (dysfunction or death) when deficient, whereas a want is an aspiration or wish.
- Basic needs include air, water, food, and protection from environmental dangers, which are necessary for an organism to live.
- Human needs encompass both objective physical needs and subjective psychical needs (e.g., self-esteem).
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a widely known model, proposing that people prioritize lower-order needs before addressing higher-order needs.
- The Doyal/Gough Theory identifies physical health and personal autonomy as fundamental human needs, supported by 12 categories of intermediate needs.
- Karl Marx viewed humans as "creatures of need" who develop new needs in the process of meeting existing needs, contributing to human development.
- Some theories, like Rosenberg's Nonviolent Communication model, don't place needs in a hierarchy but see them as universal motivators of human life.
- Cultural factors and societal factors can influence the conception and prioritization of human needs.
- The study of human needs is relevant to multiple fields, including psychology, sociology, economics, and political science.
- NOTES:
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_human_needs Retrieved:2014-3-25.
- Human Needs and Human-scale Development, [1] developed by Manfred Max-Neef and others (Antonio Elizalde and Martin Hopenhayn), are seen as ontological (stemming from the condition of being human), are few, finite and classifiable (as distinct from the conventional notion of conventional economic “wants” that are infinite and insatiable). [2] They are also constant through all human cultures and across historical time periods. What changes over time and between cultures is the strategies by which these needs are satisfied. Human needs can be understood as a system - i.e. they are interrelated and interactive. In this system, there is no hierarchy of needs (apart from the basic need for subsistence or survival) as postulated by Western psychologists such as Maslow, rather, simultaneity, complementarity and trade-offs are features of the process of needs satisfaction. Manfred Max-Neef and his colleagues developed a taxonomy of human needs and a process by which communities can identify their "wealths" and "poverties" according to how their fundamental human needs are satisfied. This school of Human Scale Development is described as "focused and based on the satisfaction of fundamental human needs, on the generation of growing levels of self-reliance, and on the construction of organic articulations of people with nature and technology, of global processes with local activity, of the personal with the social, of planning with autonomy, and of civil society with the state." [3] [4]
One of the applications is within the field of Strategic Sustainable Development where the individual Fundamental Human Needs (not the marketed needs) and the mechanics of the collective social system need satisfying in a sustainable society. Together with other aspects of the Framework including the (socio-ecological) sustainability principles it helps to plan and design for sustainability.
- Human Needs and Human-scale Development, [1] developed by Manfred Max-Neef and others (Antonio Elizalde and Martin Hopenhayn), are seen as ontological (stemming from the condition of being human), are few, finite and classifiable (as distinct from the conventional notion of conventional economic “wants” that are infinite and insatiable). [2] They are also constant through all human cultures and across historical time periods. What changes over time and between cultures is the strategies by which these needs are satisfied. Human needs can be understood as a system - i.e. they are interrelated and interactive. In this system, there is no hierarchy of needs (apart from the basic need for subsistence or survival) as postulated by Western psychologists such as Maslow, rather, simultaneity, complementarity and trade-offs are features of the process of needs satisfaction. Manfred Max-Neef and his colleagues developed a taxonomy of human needs and a process by which communities can identify their "wealths" and "poverties" according to how their fundamental human needs are satisfied. This school of Human Scale Development is described as "focused and based on the satisfaction of fundamental human needs, on the generation of growing levels of self-reliance, and on the construction of organic articulations of people with nature and technology, of global processes with local activity, of the personal with the social, of planning with autonomy, and of civil society with the state." [3] [4]
- ↑ www.max-neef.cl
- ↑ Manfred A. Max-Neef with Antonio Elizalde, Martin Hopenhayn. (1989). Human scale development: conception, application and further reflections. New York: Apex. Chpt. 2. “Development and Human Needs", p. 18.
- ↑ Manfred Max-Neef, Antonio Elizalde, & Martin Hopenhayn "Human Scale Development: An Option for the Future" (in Spanish--Max-Neef, Manfred, Antonio Elizalde y Martin Hopenhayn (1986), “Desarrollo a Escala Humana - una opción para el futuro”, Development Dialogue, número especial (CEPAUR y Fundación Dag Hammarskjold).) p.12.
- ↑ Manfred Max-Neef, Antonio Elizalde, & Martín Hopenhayn. with the cooperation of. Felipe Herrera, Hugo Zemelman, Jorge Jatobá, Luis Weinstein (1989). “Human Scale Development: An Option for the Future." Development Dialogue: A Journal of International Development Cooperation. 1989, 1, 7-80. (in English)
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_human_needs#Classification_of_Needs Retrieved:2014-3-25.
- Max-Neef classifies the fundamental human needs as:
- subsistence
- protection
- affection
- understanding
- participation
- leisure
- creation
- identity
- freedom
- Needs are also defined according to the existential categories of being, having, doing and interacting, and from these dimensions, a 36 cell matrix is developed [1]
- Max-Neef classifies the fundamental human needs as:
2000
- (Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) ⇒ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. (2000). “The Costs and Benefits of Consuming.” In: Journal of consumer Research, 27(2).In: Journal of consumer Research, 27(2). doi:10.1086/314324
- QUOTE: Because consumer behavior is largely driven by the desire to satisfy needs that have been programmed in our minds either by the genes we inherit or the memes' we learn from the culture in which we live, it is useful to start the analysis with a consideration of human needs. Of the many taxonomies developed by psychologists, the one by Abraham Maslow (1968, 1971) is one of the most succinct, and one that is familiar to students of consumer behavior (Kilbourne 1987). The model involves only five factors or levels, and it is reasonably comprehensive. We might, therefore, use it to help with a preliminary classification of what motivates consumer behavior.