Named Entity Mention

A named entity mention is an entity mention in the form of a named entity text string that refers to a named entity (typically in the form of a proper noun).

• Context:
  • It can (typically) be used as a rigid designators. (Kripke, 1980)
  • It has been widely studied in NLP Research. (Nadeau & Sekine, 2007)
  • It was coined for the Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6). (R. Grishman & Sundheim 1996)
  • It can be detected by a Named Entity Mention Detection Algorithm.
  • It can be classified in an Entity Type by a Named Entity Mention Classification Algorithm.
  • It can be in a Nested Entity Mention, such as with: “My [Chips-Ahoy cookies] contain [Nestle chocolate chips].”.
  • It can be preceded by a Head Noun, such as in: “[Defense Secretary William Cohen]”.
  • It can be a Proper Name mention.
• Example(s):
  • a Person Mention, such as: “Michael H. Jackson”, “Michael Jackson”, “Jackson”, and “he”.
  • a Location Mention, such as: “Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma” (AKA “Libia”), “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, “Jeluzoon Refugee Camp”, “Cape of Good Hope”, “City of London”, and “Ramallah”.
  • a Product Named Entity Mention, such as: “Nokia N95 8G”, and “iPhone 4S”,
  • an Organism Mention, such as: “Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides” (a type of fly http://www.google.com/search?q=Parastratiosphecomyia+stratiosphecomyioides+Brunetti+1923) and “Black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey”.
  • a Gene Mention/Protein Mention.
  • a Song Mention, such as: “I Never Want An Easy Life If Me And He Were Ever To Get There” (by “The Charlatans”).
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Pronomial Mention.
  • a Named Entity Record.
  • a Concept Class Mention, such as the common nouns “cookie” and “chocolate chip” in the sentence "My cookies contain chocolate chips.” which not named entity mentions because they do not identify a specific enough entity type.
  • a Pronoun Entity Mention, such as: "I", as in in the sentence "I am here.".
  • Nested Entity Mention.
    • “[The Jeluzoon Refugee Camp near Ramallah] was empty”.
    • “[North Dakota State University in Fargo] was blanketed”.
    • “[renowned AT&T researcher Michael Jackson] will give a talk today.”.
• See: Nominal Entity Mention, Pronoun Entity Mention, Reference.

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References

• ACE Program.
  • Name mentions: The mention uses a proper name to refer to the entity

2008

• (Sarawagi, 2008) ⇒ Sunita Sarawagi. (2008). “Information extraction.” In: FnT Databases, 1(3).
  • QUOTE:Entities are typically noun phrases and comprise of one to a few tokens in the unstructured text. The most popular form of entities is named entities like names of persons, locations, and companies as popularized in the MUC [57, 100], ACE [1, 159], and CoNLL [206] competitions.

2007

• (Nadeau & Sekine, 2007) ⇒ David Nadeau, and Satoshi Sekine. (2007). “A Survey of Named Entity Recognition and Classification.” In: Lingvisticae Investigationes, 30(1).
  • QUOTE: The term “Named Entity”, now widely used in Natural Language Processing, was coined for the Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6) (R. Grishman & Sundheim 1996). At that time, MUC was focusing on Information Extraction (IE) tasks where structured information of company activities and defense related activities is extracted from unstructured text, such as newspaper articles. In defining the task, people noticed that it is essential to recognize information units like names, including person, organization and location names, and numeric expressions including time, date, money and percent expressions. Identifying references to these entities in text was recognized as one of the important sub-tasks of IE and was called “Named Entity Recognition and Classification (NERC)”.

    In the expression “Named Entity”, the word “Named” aims to restrict the task to only those entities for which one or many rigid designators, as defined by S. Kripke (1982), stands for the referent. For instance, the automotive company created by Henry Ford in 1903 is referred to as Ford or Ford Motor Company. Rigid designators include proper names as well as certain natural kind terms like biological species and substances. There is a general agreement in the NERC community about the inclusion of temporal expressions and some numerical expressions such as amounts of money and other types of units.

    Early work formulates the NERC problem as recognizing “proper names” in general (e.g., S. Coates-Stephens 1992, C. Thielen 1995). Overall, the most studied types are three specializations of “proper names”: names of “persons”, “locations” and “organizations”. These types are collectively known as “enamex” since the MUC-6 competition.

1980

• (Kripke, 1980) ⇒ Saul Kripke. (1980). “Naming and Necessity." Harvard University Press. ISBN:0674598466
  • QUOTE:Let's call something a rigid designator if in every possible world it designates the same object, a nonrigid or accidental designator if that is not the case. Of course we don't require that the objects exist in all possible worlds. Certainly Nixon might not have existed if his parents had not gotten married, in the normal course of things. When we think of a property as essential to an object we usually mean that it is true of that object in any case where it would have existed. A rigid designator of a necessary existent can be called strongly rigid.

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