Referent

A referent is a thing that is in a reference relation with (being denoted by) a referencer.

• AKA: Referenced Item.
• Context:
  • It can range from being an Unambiguously Referenced Item to being an Ambiguously Referenced Item.
  • It can range from being an Explicit Referent to being an Implicit Referent.
  • It can range from being a Referenced Entity to being a Referenced Relation.
• Example(s):
  • Referenced Entity;
    • The person Michael Jackson that is being denoted by the Entity Mention of “Michael Jackson”.
    • The person Michael Jackson with respect to the Person Entity Reference Record of: Type="Person", Name.First="Michael", Name.Last="Jackson", BirthDate="August 29, 1958", a Person Record.
    • a Referent Publication, such as the research paper that is being referenced by the citation record of: Type="Citation", Title="...", Authors="....", Year="..."; a Citation Record.
  • a Referenced Relation.
    • The Parenthood Relation with respect to a Relation Record about parenthood (e.g. a Parenthood Ontology Rule).
    • The bird X can fly relation with respect to the Relation Mention "this bird can fly".
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Referencer.
• See: Reference, Meaning.

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References

2013

• (Wikipedia, 2013) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/referent Retrieved:2013-12-15.
  • In semantics a referent is a person or thing to which a linguistic expression refers, a discursive entity, the subject of speech.

• (Wikipedia, 2013) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reference Retrieved:2013-12-15.
  • Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. The second object – the one to which the first object refers – is called the referent of the first object.

    The term reference is used in many spheres of human knowledge, adopting shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used.

    References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other, spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection; but, other concrete and abstract contexts exist as methods of defining references within the scope of the various fields that require an origin, point of departure, or an original form. This includes methods that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

    The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects.

2009

• WordNet.
  • referent - something referred to; the object of a reference
  • referent - the first term in a proposition; the term to which other terms relate
  • referent - something that refers; a term that refers to another term

• http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/referent
  • 1. (semantics) The specific entity in the world that a word or phrase identifies or denotes.
  • 2. That which is referenced.

2008

• (Corbett, 2008) ⇒ Dan R. Corbett. (2008). “Graph-based Representation and Reasoning for Ontologies.” In: Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78293-3 10.1007/978-3-540-78293-3 doi:[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78293-3 10.1007/978-3-540-78293-3)
  • QUOTE: A canonical graph is a conceptual graph which is in the closure of the conceptual graphs in its canonical basis under the following operations, called the canonical formation rules.
    • 1. External join. Given two CGs G=(C,R, type, referent, arg₁, ..., arg_m) and G'=(C',R', type', referent', arg'₁, ..., arg'_m) ...
    • 2. Internal join. Given a CG G=(C,R, type, referent, arg₁, ..., arg_m) ...
    • 3. Restrict type. Given a CG G=(C,R, type, referent, arg₁, ..., arg_m) ...
    • 4. Restrict referent. Given a CG G=(C,R, type, referent, arg₁, ..., arg_m) ...
  • G=(C,R, type, referent, arg₁, ..., arg_m) is said to have a projection into G'=(C',R', type', referent', arg'₁, ..., arg'_m). “G ≥ G, if and only if there is a pair of functions hC : C → C' and hR : R → R', called morphisms, such that:
    • ∀c ∈ [math]\displaystyle{ C }[/math] and ∀c ∈ C, hC(c) = c only if type(c) ≥ type'(c), and referent(c) = ∗ or referent(c) = referent(c)
    • ∀r ∈ [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math] and ∀r ∈ R, hR(r) = r only if type(r) ≥ type'(r)
    • ∀r ∈ [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math], arg'_i (hR(r)) = hC(arg_i(r))
  • …
    • Given two concept types, s and t, s is said to have a projection into t if and only if there is a morphism hC : C → C, such that: ∀c ∈ s and ∀c ∈ t, hC(c) = c only if type(c) ≥ type (c ), and referent(c) = ∗ or referent(c) = referent(c ) C is the set of concepts, type : C → T indicates the type of a concept, and referent : C → I indicates the referent marker of a concept.

1982

• (Evans, 1982) ⇒ Gareth Evans. (1982). “The Varieties of Reference." Oxford University Press, (published posthumously, edited by John McDowell).

1980

• (Kripke, 1980) ⇒ Saul Kripke. (1980). “Naming and Necessity." Harvard University Press.

1923

• (Odgen and Richards, 1923) ⇒ Charles K. Ogden and Ivor A. Richards. (1923). “The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism." University of Cambridge.

1916

• (Saussure, 1916) ⇒ Ferdinand de Saussure. (1916). “Cours de Linguistique Générale." (Course in General Linguistics)

1892

• (Frege, 1892) ⇒ Gottlob Frege. (1892). “Über Sinn und Bedeutung." (On Sense and Reference) In: Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, C: 25-50.

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