Terminological Unit
A terminological unit is a content word whose referent is a technical concept.
- AKA: Terminological Phrase, Domain Term, Technical Term, Terminological Item.
- Context:
- It can be instantiated in as: a Terminological Unit Record, a Term Mention, ...
- It can have some Technical Term Definitions / Term Sense?.
- It can have some Related Technical Terms.
- It can range from being a Preferred Term to being an Unpreferred Term.
- It can be a member of a Terminological Unit Set, such as a Technical Terminology.
- It can be a Technical Term Mention in a Sentence.
- It can be identified by a Technical Term Recognition Task.
- It can range from being a Terminological Noun, to being a Terminological Noun Phrase to being a Terminological Verb to being a Terminological Verb Phrase.
- It can range from being a Unambiguous Technical Term to being an Ambiguous Technical Term.
- It can be in a Subterm Relation with a Terminological Subunit.
- ...
- Example(s):
- Data Mining Terms (from within a data mining terminology), such as: “C4.5”, “social network analysis”, “recommender system”, “feature selection algorithm”.
- Biological Terms (from within a biological terminology), such as: “Escherichia Coli." (plural:”escheria coli"; “E.coli”), "cell membrane.".
- Medical Terms (from within a medical terminology), such as: “hemolytic-uremic syndrome”, “Tuberculous Meningitis”
- Statistics Terms (from within a statistical terminology), such as: “Bernoulli trial”, “random variable”.
- Computing Terms (from within a computing terminology), such as: “algorithm”, “Quicksort”.
- Legal Terms (from within a legal terminology), such as: “Mens Rea." and "Actus Reus”
- Mathematics Term (from within a mathematical terminology), such as: “zero”, π, “irrational number”, “infinity”.
- Consumer Goods Term (from within a consumer goods terminology), such as: branded product category, product brand.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- Common Words, such as Grammatical Words (such as “the”, “of” and “when”) and Common Nouns (such as: “plant”, “water”, “electricity”).
- Non-Technical Terms, such as a Non-Technical Named Entity (such as a Person Name, an Organization Name), or an Informal Word, such as “pseudoanarchical”.
- a Mathematical Function Term.
- See: Vocabulary, Lingo, Glossary, Terminology Extraction Task, Technical Term Translation Task.
References
2011
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_terminology
- QUOTE: 'Technical terminology is the specialized vocabulary of any field, not just technical fields. The same is true of the synonyms technical terms, terms of art, shop talk and words of art, which do not necessarily refer to technology or art.[1][2][3] Within one or more fields, these terms have one or more specific meanings that are not necessarily the same as those in common use. Jargon is similar, but more informal in definition and use. Legal technical terms, often called (legal) terms of art or (legal) words of art, have meanings that are strictly defined by law.
An industry term is a type of technical terminology that has a particular meaning within a specific industry. The phrase industry term implies that a word or phrase is a typical one within a particular industry or business and people within the industry or business will be familiar with and use the term.
Technical terminology exists in a continuum of formality. Precise technical terms and their definitions are formally recognised, documented, and taught by educators in the field. Other terms are more colloquial, coined and used by practitioners in the field, and are similar to slang. The boundaries between formal and slang jargon, as in general English, are quite fluid, with terms sliding in and out of recognition. This is especially true in the rapidly developing world of computers and networking. For instance, the term firewall (in the sense of a device used to filter network traffic) was at first technical slang. As these devices became more important and the term became widely understood, the word was adopted as formal terminology.
Technical terminology evolves due to the need for experts in a field to communicate with precision and brevity, but often has the effect of excluding those who are unfamiliar with the particular specialized language of the group. This can cause difficulties as, for example, when a patient is unable to follow the discussions of medical practitioners, and thus cannot understand his own condition and treatment. Differences in jargon also cause difficulties where professionals in related fields use different terms for the same phenomena. For instance, substantial amounts of duplicated research occur in cognitive psychology and human-computer interaction partly because of such difficulties.
The term jargon can, and often does, have pejorative connotations, particularly when aimed at "business culture" (especially when in forms bordering on slang or buzzwords). The marketing and public relations industries in particular have expanded the lexicon of business terms that marks the global business environment.
- QUOTE: 'Technical terminology is the specialized vocabulary of any field, not just technical fields. The same is true of the synonyms technical terms, terms of art, shop talk and words of art, which do not necessarily refer to technology or art.[1][2][3] Within one or more fields, these terms have one or more specific meanings that are not necessarily the same as those in common use. Jargon is similar, but more informal in definition and use. Legal technical terms, often called (legal) terms of art or (legal) words of art, have meanings that are strictly defined by law.
2005
- (ANSI Z39.19, 2005) ⇒ ANSI. (2005). “ANSI/NISO Z39.19 - Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies." ANSI.
- QUOTE: term One or more words designating a concept. See also compound term, entry term, and precoordinated term.
2004
- (Krauthammer & Nenadic, 2004) ⇒ Michael Krauthammer, and Goran Nenadic. (2004). “Term Identification in the Biomedical Literature.” In: Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 37(6). doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2004.08.004
- QUOTE: Terms (such as names of genes, proteins, gene products, organisms, drugs, chemical compounds, etc.) are the means of scientific communication as they are used to identify domain concepts: there is no possibility to understand an article without precise identification of terms that are used to communicate the knowledge. A term corresponds to an author’s textual representation of a particular concept, and the goal of term identification is to recognize the term and capture its underlying meaning.
2003
- (Mitkov, 2003) ⇒ Ruslan Mitkov, editor. (2003). “The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics." Oxford University Press. ISBN:019927634X
- QUOTE: term: A lexical unit, typically one validated for entry in an application-oriented terminological resource describing the vocabulary of a specialized subject field.
2002
- (Ohta et al., 2002) ⇒ Tomoko Ohta, Yuka Tateisi, and Jin-Dong Kim. (2002). “The GENIA corpus: an annotated research abstract corpus in molecular biology domain.” In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Human Language Technology Research (HLT 2002).
- QUOTE: In the current GENIA corpus, technical terms in the title and the body of the abstracts are tagged as term or cons elements with conceptual information from the ontology encoded in the sem attribute, which is a pointer to an element within the
localresouceelements as described later. A technical terms is considered to be a semantic unit, so that they can be naturally regarded as a term element.
- QUOTE: In the current GENIA corpus, technical terms in the title and the body of the abstracts are tagged as term or cons elements with conceptual information from the ontology encoded in the sem attribute, which is a pointer to an element within the
2000
- (Frantzi et al., 2000) ⇒ Katerina Frantzi, Sophia Ananiadou, and Hideki Mima. (2000). “Automatic Recognition of Multi-Word Terms: The Cvalue/NC-value method.” In: International Journal on Digital Libraries, 3(2).
- QUOTE: technical terms (henceforth called terms), are important elements for digital libraries. In this paper we present a domain-independent method for the automatic extraction of multi-word terms, from machine-readable special language corpora ...
1999
- (Manning and Schütze, 1999) ⇒ Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Schütze. (1999). “Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing." The MIT Press.
- QUOTE: There is considerable overlap between the concept of collocation and notions like term, technical term and terminological phrase. As these names suggest, the latter three are commonly used when collocations are extracted from technical domains (in a process called terminology extraction). The reader should be warned, though, that the word term has a different meaning in information retrieval. There, it refers to both words and phrases. So it subsumes the more narrow meaning that we will use in this chapter.
1986
- (ISO 2788, 1986)International Standards Organization. (1986). “Documentation - Guidelines for the Establishment and Development of Monolingual Thesauri, 2nd ed." ISO 2788:1986.
- QUOTE: term is the representation of a concept, preferably in the form of a noun or a noun phrase.