Taliban
A Taliban is a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement and military organization in Afghanistan.
- AKA: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
- Context:
- It can be a Pashtun Nationalist Organization.
- It can have headquarters in Kandahar.
- It can have a Taliban Size.
- 45,000 (2001 est.)
- 11,000 (2008 est.)
- 36,000 (2010 est.)
- 60,000 (2014 est.)
- 200,000 (2021 est.)
- ...
- Example(s):
- Taliban, 1994 (their origin story of stopping raping mobs).
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- ...
- See: Afghanistan, War in Afghanistan (1978–Present), War on Terror, Mohammed Omar, Pashtun Nationalism, Tajiks, Guerilla Movement.
References
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban Retrieved:2021-8-16.
- The Taliban ( /ˈtælᵻbæn,_ˈtɑːlᵻbɑːn/; Template:Lang-ps or 'seekers')[1][2], which refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA),[3] is a Deobandi Islamist movement and military organization in Afghanistan, currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within the country.[4][5][6] Since 2016, the Taliban's leader has been Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada. [7][8] In 2021, the Taliban was estimated to have 200,000 fighters.
From 1996 to 2001, the Taliban held power over roughly three-quarters of Afghanistan, and enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law.Template:Sfn The Taliban emerged in 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War[9] and largely consisted of students (talib) from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools, and fought during the Soviet–Afghan War. [10] Under the leadership of Mohammed Omar, the movement spread throughout most of Afghanistan, sequestering power from the Mujahideen warlords. The totalitarian[11][12] Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was established in 1996 and the Afghan capital was transferred to Kandahar. It held control of most of the country until being overthrown after the American-led invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001 following the September 11 attacks. At its peak, formal diplomatic recognition of the Taliban's government was acknowledged by only three nations: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The group later regrouped as an insurgency movement to fight the American-backed Karzai administration and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in the War in Afghanistan.
The Taliban have been condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic Sharia law, which has resulted in the brutal treatment of many Afghans. ... and movies if they showed people or other living things,[13] and prohibited music using instruments.[14] The Taliban prevented women from attending school,[15] banned women from working jobs outside of healthcare (male doctors were prohibited from seeing women),[16] and required that women were accompanied by a male relative and wear a burqa at all times when in public.[17] If women broke certain rules, they were publicly whipped or executed.[18] Religious and ethnic minorities were heavily discriminated against during Taliban rule. According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 76% of Afghan civilian casualties in 2010, and 80% in 2011 and 2012.[19][20][21][22][23][24] The Taliban also engaged in cultural genocide, destroying numerous monuments including the famous 1500-year old Buddhas of Bamiyan.[25][26][27][28]
The Taliban's ideology has been described as combining an "innovative" form of sharia Islamic law based on Deobandi fundamentalism[29] and the militant Islamism combined with Pashtun social and cultural norms known as Pashtunwali, [30][page needed][31] as most Taliban are Pashtun tribesmen.
The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and military are widely alleged by the international community and the Afghan government to have provided support to the Taliban during their founding and time in power, and of continuing to support the Taliban during the insurgency. Pakistan states that it dropped all support for the group after the 11 September attacks.[32][33][34][35][36][37] In 2001, reportedly 2,500 Arabs under command of Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden fought for the Taliban.[38]
- The Taliban ( /ˈtælᵻbæn,_ˈtɑːlᵻbɑːn/; Template:Lang-ps or 'seekers')[1][2], which refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA),[3] is a Deobandi Islamist movement and military organization in Afghanistan, currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within the country.[4][5][6] Since 2016, the Taliban's leader has been Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada. [7][8] In 2021, the Taliban was estimated to have 200,000 fighters.
- ↑ Template:Lexico
- ↑ "Definition of TALIBAN". https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Taliban. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ "Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban". https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2001/Deobandi_Islam.pdf.
- ↑ Rubin, Barnett. article. published by the Center on International Cooperation 2 November 2015 (originally published within Al Jazeera). http://cic.nyu.edu/news_commentary/isil-wont-get-very-far-afghanistan-now. Retrieved 11 November 2015.("...The Taliban ... have repeatedly said that their jihad is limited to their own country...")
- ↑ J. Eggers – [1] published by RAND Corporation [Retrieved 11 November 2015]
- ↑ "U.S., Gulf States Blacklist Afghan Taliban, Iranian Officers For Terrorist Financing". https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-gulf-states-blacklist-afghan-taliban-iranian-officers-for-terrorist-financing/29559900.html.
- ↑ "Quetta: Symbol of Pakistan's war on militants or Taliban haven?". 2 April 2017. https://www.thenational.ae/world/quetta-symbol-of-pakistan-s-war-on-militants-or-taliban-haven-1.80784.
- ↑ "The Taliban". Stanford University. http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/367. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
- ↑ Masood Ashraf Raja (6 May 2016). The Religious Right and the Talibanization of America. Springer. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-1-137-58490-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=lusgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16.
- ↑ Whine, Michael (1 September 2001). "Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 2 (2): 54–72. doi:10.1080/714005450.
- ↑ "Problems of perception and vision: Turkey and the U.S". http://turkishpolicy.com/images/stories/media/David_Arnett-6_October_2008.pdf. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ↑ "Afghanistan's Love Of The Big Screen". https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2012/11/26/165944525/afghanistans-love-of-the-big-screen. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
- ↑ "Ethnomusicologist Discusses Taliban Vs. Musicians". https://www.rferl.org/a/British_Ethnomusicologist_Discusses_Talibans_Campaign_Against_Musicians/1753865.html. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
- ↑ Lakanwal, Emran Feroz, Abdul Rahman. "In Rural Afghanistan, Some Taliban Gingerly Welcome Girls Schools". https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/04/afghanistan-taliban-girls-schools/. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
- ↑ "A Woman Among Warlords ~ Women's Rights in the Taliban and Post-Taliban Eras | Wide Angle | PBS". 2007-09-11. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/uncategorized/a-woman-among-warlords-womens-rights-in-the-taliban-and-post-taliban-eras/66/. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
- ↑ "Afghan women forced from banking jobs as Taliban take control". 2021-08-13. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-women-bankers-forced-roles-taliban-takes-control-2021-08-13/. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ ISAF has participating forces from 39 countries, including all 26 NATO members. See Template:Citation
- ↑ Skaine, Rosemarie (2009). Women of Afghanistan in the Post-Taliban Era: How Lives Have Changed and Where They Stand Today. McFarland. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7864-3792-4.
- ↑ Shanty, Frank (2011). The Nexus: International Terrorism and Drug Trafficking from Afghanistan. Praeger. pp. 86–88. ISBN 978-0-313-38521-6.
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Novic, Elisa (13 October 2016). The Concept of Cultural Genocide: An International Law Perspective. Oxford University Press. pp. 1. ISBN 9780191090912. https://books.google.com/books?id=oWpuDQAAQBAJ&q=taliban+cultural+genocide&pg=PA1.
- ↑ Kinloch, Graham Charles; Mohan, Raj P. (2005). Genocide: Approaches, Case Studies, and Responses. Algora Publishing. pp. 220–229, 313–314. ISBN 9780875863818. https://books.google.com/books?id=f9--74QwVTcC&q=taliban+cultural+genocide&pg=PA224.
- ↑ "GENERAL ASSEMBLY 'APPALLED' BY EDICT ON DESTRUCTION OF AFGHAN SHRINES; STRONGLY URGES TALIBAN TO HALT IMPLEMENTATION | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". The United Nations. 9 March 2001. https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/ga9858.doc.htm. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ Maley, William (2002). The Afghanistan wars. Palgrave Macmillan. p. ?. ISBN 978-0-333-80290-8.
- ↑ Shaffer, Brenda (2006). The limits of culture: Islam and foreign policy (illustrated ed.). MIT Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-262-69321-9. https://archive.org/details/limitsofculturei0000unse/page/277. "The Taliban's mindset is, however, equally if not more deaned by Pashtunwali"
- ↑ Giraldo, Jeanne K. (2007). Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective. Stanford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-8047-5566-5. https://archive.org/details/terrorismfinanci00haro. "Pakistan provided military support, including arms, ammunition, fuel, and military advisers, to the Taliban through its Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)"
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (22 September 2011). "Admiral Mullen: Pakistani ISI sponsoring Haqqani attacks". The Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/09/admiral_mullen_pakis.php. Retrieved 1 December 2011. "During a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing today, Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, highlighted the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence Agency's role in sponsoring the Haqqani Network – including attacks on American forces in Afghanistan. “The fact remains that the Quetta Shura [Taliban] and the Haqqani Network operate from Pakistan with impunity," Mullen said in his written testimony. “Extremist organizations serving as proxies of the government of Pakistan are attacking Afghan troops and civilians as well as US soldiers." Mullen continued: "For example, we believe the Haqqani Network—which has long enjoyed the support and protection of the Pakistani government and is, in many ways, a strategic arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency—is responsible for the September 13th attacks against the U.S. Embassy in Kabul.""
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ US attack on Taliban kills 23 in Pakistan, The New York Times, 9 September 2008
- ↑ Partlow, Joshua (3 October 2011). "Karzai accuses Pakistan of supporting terrorists". https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/karzai-criticizes-pakistan-for-supporting-terrorists/2011/10/03/gIQAWABWIL_story.html. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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