Jihad

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A Jihad is an Islamic concept that signifies a striving in the context of Islamic beliefs and Islamic practices.

  • Context:
    • It can encompass various efforts to align personal and social life with the guidance of God, such as combatting evil inclinations, proselytizing, or working towards the moral betterment of the Muslim community.
    • It can have different connotations, including the association with armed struggle in classical Islamic law and the modernist view that equates military jihad with defensive warfare.
    • It can also be understood as a spiritual and moral struggle emphasized in Sufi circles, known as the "greater jihad."
    • It has gained attention through its use by certain extremist individuals and organizations whose ideologies are based on the concept of jihad.
    • ...
  • Example(s):
    • A jihadist group that engages in armed conflict in the name of their interpretation of Islam.
    • An individual who strives to improve themselves morally and spiritually, following the principles of jihad.
    • A community that promotes peaceful coexistence and focuses on inner and spiritual jihad.
    • A scholar who promotes the concept of greater jihad as a means of personal growth and self-improvement.
    • ...
  • Counter-Example(s):
    • A peaceful neighborhood that fosters unity and understanding among different religious communities.
    • A Muslim organization that spreads the message of peace and promotes interfaith dialogue.
  • See: Jihadism, Leiden, God in Islam, Dawah, Ummah, Islam.

References

2023

  • Web chatbot
    • Jihad is a complex concept in Islam, signifying a struggle or striving that encompasses diverse aspects within the faith. It's been misinterpreted, particularly in the West, resulting in predominantly negative connotations. Jihad symbolizes two distinct struggles; an internal one for personal development, and an external one for the safeguard and propagation of Islam. The internal or greater jihad refers to personal efforts towards living a good Muslim life and resisting temptation, while the external or lesser jihad indicates taking up arms in self-defense against those who threaten Islam, under strict conditions laid out in the Quran which include the protection of non-combatants. It's important to highlight that some extremist factions have misused the term jihad to legitimize acts of terrorism, a misuse that contradicts Islam's true teachings. A proper understanding of jihad necessitates consultation with Islamic scholars and examination of the Quran for accurate context.

2023

  • (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jihad Retrieved:2023-11-4.
    • Jihad is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. [1] [2] In an Islamic context, it can refer to almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with God's guidance, such as struggle against one's evil inclinations, proselytizing, or efforts toward the moral betterment of the Muslim community (Ummah), [3] though it is most frequently associated with war. In classical Islamic law (sharia), the term refers to armed struggle against unbelievers, while modernist Islamic scholars generally equate military jihad with defensive warfare.[4] In Sufi circles, spiritual and moral jihad has been traditionally emphasized under the name of greater jihad.[3] The term has gained additional attention in recent decades through its use by various insurgent Islamic extremist, militant Islamist, and terrorist individuals and organizations whose ideology is based on the Islamic notion of jihad.[3][5] The word jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an with and without military connotations,[6] often in the idiomatic expression "striving in the path of God (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)", [7] conveying a sense of self-exertion.Theydeveloped an elaborate set of rules pertaining to jihad, including prohibitions on harming those who are not engaged in combat. In the modern era, the notion of jihad has lost its jurisprudential relevance and instead given rise to an ideological and political discourse.[3] While modernist Islamic scholars have emphasized the defensive and non-military aspects of jihad, some Islamists have advanced aggressive interpretations that go beyond the classical theory. [8] Jihad is classified into inner ("greater") jihad, which involves a struggle against one's own base impulses, and external ("lesser") jihad, which is further subdivided into jihad of the pen/tongue (debate or persuasion) and jihad of the sword.[3] Most Western writers consider external jihad to have primacy over inner jihad in the Islamic tradition, while much of contemporary Muslim opinion favors the opposite view.Gallup analysis of a large survey reveals considerable nuance in the conceptions of jihad held by Muslims around the world. The sense of jihad as armed resistance was first used in the context of persecution faced by Muslims, as when Muhammad was at Mecca, when the community had two choices: emigration (hijra) or jihad.In Twelver Shi'a Islam, jihad is one of the Ancillaries of the Faith. A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid (plural: mujahideen). The term jihad is often rendered in English as "Holy War", [9] [10] although this translation is controversial. [11] Today, the word jihad is often used without religious connotations, like the English crusade.
  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named OEIP
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DeLong-Bas 2018
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hallaq334
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Badara 2017
  6. ↑ : Seventeen derivatives of jihād occur altogether forty-one times in eleven Meccan texts and thirty Medinan ones, with the following five meanings: striving because of religious belief (21), war (12), non-Muslim parents exerting pressure, that is, jihād, to make their children abandon Islam (2), solemn oaths (5), and physical strength (1).
  7. ↑ , Jihad, p. 419.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Jalal 2009
  9. ↑ cf., e.g.,
  10. ↑ Rudolph F. Peters, Jihad in Medieval and Modern Islam (Brill, 1977), p. 3
  11. ↑ Khaled Abou El Fadl stresses that the Islamic theological tradition did not have a notion of "Holy war" (in Arabic al-harb al-muqaddasa), which is not an expression used by the Quranic text or Muslim theologians. He further states that in Islamic theology, war is never holy; it is either justified or not. He then writes that the Quran does not use the word jihad to refer to warfare or fighting; such acts are referred to as qital. Source:
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