Software-based Computing System

A software-based computing system is a computing system that is composed of computing hardware and software-based processes which can solve a software-based computing task.

• AKA: Digital Computing Application.
• Context:
  • It can (typically) be composed of Computing System Software Components.
  • It can (typically) assume a Computing System Architecture (with computing hardware).
  • It can (typically) be created by a Software Development Process.
  • It can (typically) be used by a Computer System Resource.
  • It can (typically) be described in a Software System Reference Document.
  • It can (often) be evaluated by an Software System Evaluation Task.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Software-based Operation to being a Software-based Software Program.
  • It can range from being an Interactive Computing System to being a Non-Interactive Computing System.
  • It can range from being a Large-Scale System, to being a Mid-Scale System, to being a Small-Scale System.
  • It can range from being an Single-Server Computing System to being a Cluster-based Computing System.
  • It can range from being a Domain Specific System to being a General Computing System.
  • It can range from being a Front-End Software System to being a Back-End System.
  • It can range from being a Database-Centric System to being a Non-Database-Centric System.
  • It can range from being a Real-Time Computing System to being a Batch Computing System.
  • It can range from being a Production System to being a Beta System.
  • It can range from being an Information Producing System to being an Information Consuming System.
  • ...
  • It can be impacted by a Computer Hardware-related Invention.
  • It can be in a Software-based System State.
  • It can be represented by a Software System Diagram, such as a software architecture diagram.
  • It can be monitored by an IT System Monitoring System (for IT system monitoring).
  • It can be managed by a Software Engineering Project.
  • It can reference a Computing Framework.
  • It can align to a Software Architecture.
  • It can implement a Formally Specified Algorithm.
  • It can manifest a Computer System Behavior, such as a Computer System Disorder (e.g. afflicted by malware).
  • …
• Example(s):
  • an instance of Real-Time Transaction Proceesing System.
  • an instance of a Named Entity Recognition System, e.g. using LingPipev3.7.0 and some hardware.
  • an instance of a Database Management System, such as the MySQLv5.5 and hardware that supports the GM-RKB system.
  • the instance of DatGen System composed of DatGen v3.1 and some web-accessible server.
  • the instance of Google Canada's Web Search Service on v2009-Jan-28 (software and hardware).
  • the Decision Support System at ...
  • the Network File System at ...
  • an AI-based System, such as:
    • an Expert System, such as the one that ran MYCIN in 197x.
    • a Machine Learning-based System, such as Netflix's personalization system (in 2015).
  • an Operating System, such as Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.
  • a Web-based Software Application or a Mobile-based Software Application.
  • a Healthcare Software System.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Human-based Computing System, such as an Amazon Mechanical Turk worker.
  • a Living Organism.
  • a Formal System.
• See: Programming Language, Tool.

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References

2013

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system
  • An information system (IS) - is any combination of information technology and people's activities that support operations, management and decision making. In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. In this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

    Some make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.

    Alter argues for an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans and/or machines perform work using resources to produce specific products and/or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to processing (capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information.

    As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.

    Information systems are the primary focus of study for the information systems discipline and for organizational informatics.

2010

• http://www.webopedia.com/term/c/computer_system.html
  • A complete, working computer. Computer systems will include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function. Every computer system, for example, requires an operating system.

2009

• (WordNet, 2009) ⇒ http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o7=&o5=&o1=1&o6=&o4=&o3=&s=computing+system
  • S: (n) computer system, computing system, automatic data processing system, ADP system, ADPS (a system of one or more computers and associated software with common storage)
• (Huang, 2009) ⇒ Hao-Chen Huang. (2009). “Designing a Knowledge-based System for Strategic Planning: A Balanced Scorecard Perspective.” In: Expert Systems with Applications. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2007.09.046
  • QUOTE: A properly designed KBS is an interactive software-based system designed to help decision makers compile useful information from raw data, documents, personal knowledge, and/or business models for problem solving and decision-making.

2006

• (Bell et al., 2006) ⇒ Gordon Bell, Jim Gray, and Alex Szalay. (2006). “Petascale Computational Systems: Balanced CyberInfrastructure in a Data-Centric World.” In: Computer, 39(1). doi:10.1109/MC.2006.29
  • QUOTE: Computational Science is a new branch of most disciplines. A thousand years ago, science was primarily empirical. Over the last 500 years each discipline has grown a theoretical component. Theoretical models often motivate experiments and generalize our understanding. Today most disciplines have both empirical and theoretical branches. In the last 50 years, most disciplines have grown a third, computational branch (e.g. empirical, theoretical and computational ecology, or physics, or linguistics). Computational Science has meant simulation. It grew out of our inability to find closed form solutions for complex mathematical models. Computers can simulate these complex models.

2001

• (Addlesee et al., 2001) ⇒ Mike Addlesee, Rupert Curwen, Steve Hodges, Joe Newman, Pete Steggles, Andy Ward, and Andy Hopper. (2001). “Implementing a Sentient Computing System.” In: Computer Journal, 34(8). doi:10.1109/2.940013

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