Computing System
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A Computing System is an engineered system that performs computational processes to solve computing tasks and execute computational models while combining hardware components and software components to achieve specific computational purposes through system resource management and system capability provision.
- Context:
- It can (typically) execute System Operations through computational processes.
- It can (typically) maintain System State via data storage.
- It can (typically) process System Input through data transformation.
- It can (often) handle System Errors via error recovery.
- It can (often) manage System Resources through resource allocation.
- It can (often) provide System Interfaces for user interaction.
- It can (often) establish Communication Pathways between interdependent components.
- It can (often) operate within environmental constraints and system requirements.
- ...
- It can range from being a General Purpose Computing System to being a Model-Specific Computing System, depending on its computational specialization.
- It can range from being a Software-based Computing System to being a Human-based Computing System, depending on its implementation type.
- It can range from being a Centralized Computing System to being a Distributed Computing System to being a Decentralized Computing System, depending on its system architecture.
- It can range from being a Networked Computing System to being a Standalone Computing System, depending on its connectivity mode.
- It can range from being a Basic Computing System to being a Computing Application, depending on its feature complexity.
- It can range from being an Exact Computation System to being an Approximate Computation System, depending on its ... .
- It can range from being a Simple Embedded System to being a Complex Enterprise System, depending on its system scope.
- ...
- It can be designed by a Computing System Design Task.
- It can be analyzed by a Computing System Analysis Task.
- ...
- Examples:
- Machine-based Computing Systems, such as:
- DatGen v3.1 for data generation.
- Supercomputing Systems for complex scientific calculations.
- Cloud Computing Systems provided by AWS or Google Cloud.
- Human-based Computing Systems, such as:
- Crowdsourcing Platforms for distributed computing tasks.
- Amazon Mechanical Turk-based Systems combining human intelligence with machine algorithms.
- Enterprise Computing Systems, such as:
- Embedded Computing Systems, such as:
- ...
- Machine-based Computing Systems, such as:
- Counter-Examples:
- File Systems, which can be part of a computing system but are not complete systems.
- Living Organisms, which process information through biological processes rather than computational processes.
- Formal Systems, which are abstract logical constructs without physical implementation.
- Manual Systems, which lack automated processing.
- Mechanical Systems, which operate without digital components.
- See: Programming Language, Computing System Administrator, Computing System Analysis Task, Living System, Cellular System, Cellular Automata, Dynamic System, Distributed System, Computing System Bug, Information System, Digital System, Computer Architecture, System Integration.
References
2024-12-21
- Perplexity.ai
- Question: What is a Computing System? Please explain its core components, key characteristics, and scope. Include information about how these systems combine hardware and software components to process data, solve problems, and achieve specific computational purposes while interacting with their operational environment.
- Answer: A Computing System is an engineered system that combines hardware and software components working together to process data, solve problems, and achieve specific computational purposes while interacting with its operational environment.
- Core Components:
- Hardware Elements:
- Physical components like processors, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices that execute processing tasks.
- Components are carefully selected and integrated to work together efficiently.
- Software Elements:
- Programs and instructions that direct the hardware's operations.
- Includes both system software (operating systems) and application software.
- Hardware Elements:
- Key Characteristics:
- Purposeful Design:
- Designed to process information through input, processing, and output operations.
- Provides specific capabilities to satisfy stated customer needs or objectives.
- System Integration:
- Hardware and software components are interdependent and communicate through established pathways.
- Components work in harmony to create a functional computing environment.
- Operational Environment:
- Interacts with its anticipated operational environment to achieve intended purposes.
- Must comply with applicable constraints and requirements.
- Purposeful Design:
- System Scope:
- Computing systems range from embedded systems in everyday devices to complex enterprise-level systems:
- Core Components:
- Citations:
[1] https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/system-and-se-definitions/engineered-system-definition [2] https://www.institutedata.com/us/blog/computer-system-engineering-vs-software-engineering/ [3] https://beta.learning.nicholasdwest.com/basics/digital-literacy-chapter-4 [4] https://www.mtu.edu/ece/undergraduate/computer/what-is/ [5] https://extension.harvard.edu/blog/computer-science-vs-systems-engineering-programs-which-is-right-for-you/ [6] https://peda.net/kenya/ass/subjects2/computer-studies/form-1/the-computer-system [7] https://www.reddit.com/r/AskComputerScience/comments/ugddoc/what_is_a_computing_system_and_what_are_some/ [8] https://www.codecademy.com/resources/blog/what-does-a-computer-systems-engineer-do/ [9] https://www.techtarget.com/searchwindowsserver/definition/system [10] https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/engineered_system
2024
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_systems
- NOTES:
- A Computer System is defined as the combination of hardware, software, user, and data, making it a broad category that covers a wide range of systems.
- Computer systems can be categorized into various subcategories, such as Capability Systems, Centralized Computing, and Embedded Systems.
- Specialized systems like Fault-tolerant computer systems ensure continuous operation despite failures, which is crucial for high-availability environments.
- Some systems are designed for specific use cases, like Email Systems, Military Computer Systems, and Streaming Media Systems.
- The evolution of computing systems has led to categories like Legacy Systems, which refers to outdated systems that are still in use, and Utility Computing, which involves the provision of computing resources on demand, akin to utilities like electricity or water.
- The pages in the category highlight specific examples of computer systems, including well-known types like Automotive Navigation Systems and critical concepts like Fault Tolerance and Scalability in system design.
- NOTES:
2014
- (Navlakha & Bar-Joseph, 2014) ⇒ Saket Navlakha, and Ziv Bar-Joseph. (2014). “Distributed Information Processing in Biological and Computational Systems.” In: Communications of the ACM Journal, 58(1). doi:10.1145/2678280
- QUOTE: Exploring the similarities and differences between distributed computations in biological and computational systems.
Biological systems, ranging from the molecular to the cellular to the organism level, are distributed and in most cases operate without central control. Such systems must solve information processing problems that are often very similar to problems faced by computational systems, including coordinated decision making, 29 leader election, 2 routing and navigation, 52 and more.42
- QUOTE: Exploring the similarities and differences between distributed computations in biological and computational systems.
2003
- (Maly et al., 2003) ⇒ Robin Jan Maly, Jan Mischke, Pascal Kurtansky, and Burkhard Stiller (2003). "Comparison of Centralized (Client-Server) and Decentralized (peer-to-peer) Networking". In: Semester thesis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 1-12.
- QUOTE: All computer systems can be classified into centralized and distributed, see Figure 1. Distributed systems can be further classified into the Client-Server model and the Peer-to-Peer model. The Client-Server model can be flat where all clients only communicate with a single server (possibly replicated for improved reliability), or it can be hierarchical for improved scalability. In a hierarchical model, the servers of one level are acting as clients to higher level servers.
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