Biomarker
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A Biomarker is a measurable indicator of some biological state or biological condition.
- Context:
- It can (often) be used to explain, influence, and/or predict Health-Related Outcomes.
- It can range from being a Physical Biomarker to being a Digital Biomarker.
- …
- Example(s):
- a Molecular Biomarker, such as one for blood glucose.
- a Histologic Biomarker (based microanatomy or biochemistry of cells, tissues or fluids), such as one for grading and staging of cancers.
- a Radiographic Biomarker, such as a one for tumor size, or bone mineral density.
- a Physiologic Biomarker, such as one for blood pressure.
- a Susceptibility/risk biomarker.
- a Diagnostic Biomarker.
- a Monitoring Biomarker.
- a Prognostic Biomarker.
- a Predictive Biomarker.
- a Pharmacodynamic/Response Biomarker.
- a Safety Biomarker.
- a Heart Rate Variability-based one.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Biological Process, Pharmacologic, Therapeutic Intervention, Biosensor, Heartrate Sensor.
References
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biomarker Retrieved:2021-10-26.
- In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.[1] Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields. Digital biomarkers are a novel emerging field of biomarkers, mostly collected by smart biosensors. So far, digital biomarkers have been focusing on monitoring vital parameters such as accelerometer data and heartrate but also speech. Novel non-invasive, molecular digital biomarkers are increasingly available recorded by e.g. on-skin sweat analysis (internet-enabled Sudorology), which can be seen as next-generation digital biomarkers. Digital biomarkers can be easily shared with the responsible physician, and novel diagnostics approaches can be developed using artificial intelligence.
- ↑ as cited in
2020
- www.fda.gov
- QUOTE:
- WHAT IS A BIOMARKER? A defined characteristic that is measured as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions.
- Types: Molecular, histologic, radiographic, and physiologic characteristics are types of biomarkers.
- Examples:
- Blood glucose (molecular)
- Tumor size (radiographic)
- Blood pressure (physiologic)
- QUOTE:
2019
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338448/def-item/glossary.biomarker/
- QUOTE: ... Biomarker: A defined characteristic that is measured as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or biological responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers may include molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiologic characteristics. A biomarker is not a measure of how an individual feels, functions, or survives. Categories of biomarkers include: