Homo Sapiens (Human) Species (300Kya -)
A Homo Sapiens (Human) Species (300Kya -) is a hominin species that can be used to understand modern human evolution, behavioral modernity, and global human dispersal.
- AKA: Homo sapiens, Anatomically Modern Humans, Modern Humans, Humanity, Human Species, Wise Man.
- Context:
- It can typically exhibit Anatomically Modern Human Features including high forehead, rounded skull, chin presence, and reduced brow ridges.
- It can typically display Human Cranial Capacity averaging 1350 cc, supporting advanced human cognitive functions.
- It can typically demonstrate Human Behavioral Modernity through human symbolic behavior, human art creation, complex human language, and human abstract thinking.
- It can typically show Human Genetic Diversity with all humans being at least 99% genetically similar according to Human Genome analysis.
- It can typically practice Human Cultural Evolution through human knowledge transmission across human generations.
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- It can often create Human Tool Technology including composite tools, projectile weapons, Bone Tools, and specialized human implements.
- It can often form Human Social Structures from human family units to human political states and global human civilizations.
- It can often develop Human Symbolic Systems including human language, human writing, human mathematics, and human computer code.
- It can often modify Environments through human agriculture, human architecture, and human technology.
- It can often engage in Human Social Behavior including human cooperation, human competition, and human cultural transmission.
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- It can range from being a Future Human Species to being a Prehistoric Human Species, depending on its temporal period.
- It can range from being a Proto Homo Sapiens to being an Extinct Homo Sapiens, depending on its evolutionary stage.
- It can range from being a Hunter-Gatherer Human Population to being a Post-Industrial Human Population, depending on its human subsistence strategy.
- It can range from being an Isolated Human Population to being a Globalized Human Population, depending on its human connectivity level.
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- It can evolve from Homo heidelbergensis or similar archaic human species around 300,000 years ago in Africa through Human Evolution Process.
- It can migrate Out of Africa in multiple waves, with major human dispersals around 70,000-60,000 years ago.
- It can interbreed with Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other archaic humans, incorporating 2-4% archaic DNA.
- It can survive human population bottlenecks including the Toba supervolcanic eruption (~74,000 years ago).
- It can develop Human Agriculture independently in multiple regions starting around 13,000 years ago.
- It can face Homo Sapiens-Related Selection Pressures including human disease, climate change, and human resource competition.
- It can potentially evolve into Post-Human Populations through natural evolution or human technological enhancement.
- It can face Human Extinction risks from various human existential threats including Existential Risk from Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).
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- Example(s):
- Future Human Populations, such as:
- Humanity of 2040, predicted to experience significant technological advancements and climate adaptations.
- Humanity of 2100, potentially reaching 10-11 billion population.
- Contemporary Humanity, which includes:
- Humanity of 2023, with ~8 billion members and global digital connectivity.
- Humanity of 2017, with ~7.6 billion members.
- Humanity of 2000, marking the internet age.
- Humanity of 1950, during the post-WWII era of population growth and industrial expansion.
- Modern Historical Humanity:
- Humans of 1900AD, during the Second Industrial Revolution.
- Humans of 1700AD, during the Age of Enlightenment.
- Humans of 1492AD, at the beginning of Columbian Exchange.
- Medieval Humanity:
- Humanity of 1400AD, during the Late Middle Ages.
- Humanity of 1000AD, during the High Middle Ages.
- Classical Humanity:
- Humanity of 1AD, during the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty.
- Humanity of 500BC, during the Axial Age.
- Ancient Humanity:
- Humanity of 3000BC, during early Bronze Age civilizations.
- Humanity of 5000BC, during the Neolithic Revolution.
- Prehistoric Humanity:
- Humans of 10 Thousand Years Ago, at the dawn of agriculture.
- Humans of 40 Thousand Years Ago, creating cave art in Europe.
- Homo Sapiens of 100Kya, marking early human populations outside Africa.
- Homo Sapiens of 160Kya, showing first behavioral modernity in Africa.
- Homo Sapiens of 300Kya, including Jebel Irhoud fossils from Morocco.
- Regional Human Populations, such as:
- African Homo Sapiens Populations, maintaining highest genetic diversity.
- Eurasian Homo Sapiens Populations, with Neanderthal admixture.
- Oceanian Homo Sapiens Populations, with Denisovan admixture.
- American Homo Sapiens Populations, descended from Beringian migrations.
- Coastal Ancient Nomadic Communities, early maritime-adapted populations.
- Human Organism as Model Organism in biomedical research.
- ...
- Future Human Populations, such as:
- Counter-Example(s):
- Homo Neanderthalensis, which had larger brains but different cognitive specializations.
- Homo Erectus Species (~2.0 MYA to ~108 KYA), which lacked symbolic behavior and behavioral modernity.
- Homo Heidelbergensis, the likely ancestor species with more archaic features.
- Denisovans, a sister species known mainly from genetic evidence.
- Common Chimpanzee and Bonobo (Pan Paniscus) Species, our closest living primate relatives.
- Post-Human Population, a hypothetical future species evolved from or replacing humans.
- Extraterrestrial Civilization, representing non-Earth intelligence.
- Superintelligent AI System (ASI), a potential non-biological successor.
- See: Human Evolution Process, Hominini Species Cluster, Homo Species Cluster, Human Genome, Human Organism, Modern Human, Human Social Behavior, Speciation Process, Species Selection Pressure, Biological Species, Animal Species, Placental Mammal, The Earth, Human Extinction, Post-Human Population, Existential Risk from Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Human-level General Intelligence (AGI) Machine, Superintelligent AI System (ASI), 2016 HomoDeusABriefHistoryofTomorrow, 2024 NexusABriefHistoryofInformation, Yuval Noah Harari.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Retrieved:2023-6-17.
- Humans (Homo sapiens) are the most common and widespread species of primate. A great ape characterized by their bipedalism and high intelligence, humans have a large brain and resulting cognitive skills that enable them to thrive in varied environments and develop complex societies and civilizations. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and rituals, each of which bolsters human society. The desire to understand and influence phenomena has motivated humanity's development of science, technology, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other conceptual frameworks.
Although some scientists equate the term "humans" with all members of the genus Homo, in common usage it generally refers to Homo sapiens, the only extant member. Anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years ago in Africa, evolving from Homo heidelbergensis or a similar species and migrating out of Africa, gradually replacing or interbreeding with local populations of archaic humans. For most of history, humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Humans began exhibiting behavioral modernity about 160,000–60,000 years ago. The Neolithic Revolution, which began in Southwest Asia around 13,000 years ago (and separately in a few other places), saw the emergence of agriculture and permanent human settlement. As populations became larger and denser, forms of governance developed within and between communities, and a large number of civilizations have risen and fallen. Humans have continued to expand, with a global population of over 8 billion .
Genes and the environment influence human biological variation in visible characteristics, physiology, disease susceptibility, mental abilities, body size, and life span. Though humans vary in many traits (such as genetic predispositions and physical features), any two humans are at least 99% genetically similar. Humans are sexually dimorphic: generally, males have greater body strength and females have a higher body fat percentage. At puberty, humans develop secondary sexual characteristics. Females are capable of pregnancy, usually between puberty, at around 12 years old, and menopause, around the age of 50.
Humans are omnivorous, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material, and have used fire and other forms of heat to prepare and cook food since the time of Homo erectus. Humans can survive for up to eight weeks without food and three or four days without water. Humans are generally diurnal, sleeping on average seven to nine hours per day. Childbirth is dangerous, with a high risk of complications and death. Often, both the mother and the father provide care for their children, who are helpless at birth.
Humans have a large, highly developed, and complex prefrontal cortex, the region of the brain associated with higher cognition. Humans are highly intelligent, capable of episodic memory, have flexible facial expressions, self-awareness, and a theory of mind. The human mind is capable of introspection, private thought, imagination, volition, and forming views on existence. This has allowed great technological advancements and complex tool development to be possible through complex reasoning and the transmission of knowledge to subsequent generations. Language, art, and trade are defining characteristics of humans. Long-distance trade routes might have led to cultural explosions and resource distribution that gave humans an advantage over other similar species.
- Humans (Homo sapiens) are the most common and widespread species of primate. A great ape characterized by their bipedalism and high intelligence, humans have a large brain and resulting cognitive skills that enable them to thrive in varied environments and develop complex societies and civilizations. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and rituals, each of which bolsters human society. The desire to understand and influence phenomena has motivated humanity's development of science, technology, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other conceptual frameworks.
2022
- chat.openai.com
- Q: what are the seven key periods of humanity?
- A: It is common to divide human history into a number of different periods, but there is no one "standard" way of doing so. Here are seven periods that are sometimes used to describe the major stages of human development:
- Prehistory: This period covers the time before written records, and includes the development of early human societies, the emergence of agriculture, and the rise of complex cultures.
- Ancient history: This period includes the development of the first civilizations, the growth of empires, and the spread of major religions.
- Classical period: This period, also known as the classical era, covers the time between the rise of the Greek city-states and the fall of the Roman Empire. It is marked by the development of democratic government, the growth of trade and commerce, and the spread of Greek and Roman culture.
- Middle Ages: This period, also known as the medieval period, covers the time between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern era. It is marked by the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the development of a global trade network.
- Early modern period: This period begins in the 15th century and includes the Age of Exploration, the rise of nation-states, and the development of the scientific method.
- Modern period: This period, also known as the modern era, covers the time from the 18th century to the mid-20th century and includes the Industrial Revolution, the rise of democracy, and the development of capitalism.
- Contemporary period: This period covers the time from the end of World War II to the present day, and includes major events such as the Cold War, the rise of globalization, and the development of digital technologies.
2016
- (Harari, 2016) ⇒ Yuval Noah Harari. (2016). “Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow.” Random House.
2015
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/human Retrieved:2014-12-2.
- Modern humans (Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens sapiens) are the only extant members of the hominin clade, a branch of great apes characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.