Gene Expression Process
A Gene Expression Process is a biosynthesis process that produces a functional gene product from the information encoded in a gene.
- Context:
- It can be regulated by Gene Expression Regulation.
- It can be represented in a Gene Expression Record (within a gene expression KB).
- It is a crucial step in converting genotype to phenotype.
- It is the basis for cellular differentiation, development, morphogenesis, and adaptability in organisms.
- …
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Gene Expression Event, TRNA, SnRNA, RNA, Eukaryotes, Gene Expression Data, Gene Expression Pattern, Gene Expression Profile, Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gene_expression Retrieved:2023-5-8.
- Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein-coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the product is a functional non-coding RNA. Gene expression is summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology first formulated by Francis Crick in 1958, further developed in his 1970 article, and expanded by the subsequent discoveries of reverse transcription and RNA replication.
The process of gene expression is used by all known life—eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses—to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.
In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic information stored in DNA represents the genotype, whereas the phenotype results from the "interpretation" of that information. Such phenotypes are often displayed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's structure and development, or that act as enzymes catalyzing specific metabolic pathways.
All steps in the gene expression process may be modulated (regulated), including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Regulation of gene expression gives control over the timing, location, and amount of a given gene product (protein or ncRNA) present in a cell and can have a profound effect on the cellular structure and function. Regulation of gene expression is the basis for cellular differentiation, development, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may therefore serve as a substrate for evolutionary change.
- Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein-coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the product is a functional non-coding RNA. Gene expression is summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology first formulated by Francis Crick in 1958, further developed in his 1970 article, and expanded by the subsequent discoveries of reverse transcription and RNA replication.
2016
- (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gene_expression Retrieved:2016-6-22.
- Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. ...
2009
- (WordNet, 2009) ⇒ http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=gene%20expression
- S: (n) gene expression (conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein)
2002
- Javier Herrero. (2002). “Gene Expression Pattern Preprocessing -- Manual." Bioinformatics Unit. CNIO
- Quote:
- Gene expression data are ratios of expression levels of two different samples. Usually, one sample corresponds to the experimental condition and the other one is a reference sample (Figure 1).
- A gene expression pattern is a suite of expression data for a gene along a suite of different experimental conditions (Figure 2).
- Figure 1 http://transcriptome.ens.fr/gepas/docs/preprocess/html/manual.html#img:experimental_design