Computing System
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A Computing System is an engineered system that is a technological system that performs computational processes to solve computing tasks.
- AKA: Computer System, Computational System.
- Context:
- It can (typically) execute System Operations through computational processes
- It can (typically) maintain System State via data storage
- It can (typically) process System Input through data transformation
- It can (often) handle System Errors via error recovery
- It can (often) manage System Resources through resource allocation
- It can (often) provide System Interfaces for user interaction
- ...
- It can range from being a Software-based Computing System to being a Human-based Computing System, depending on its implementation type
- It can range from being a Centralized Computing System to being a Distributed Computing System to being a Decentralized Computing System, depending on its system architecture
- It can range from being a Networked Computing System to being a Standalone Computing System, depending on its connectivity mode
- It can range from being a Basic Computing System to being a Computing Application, depending on its feature complexity
- It can range from being an Exact Computation System to being an Approximate Computation System, depending on its computation model
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- It can be designed by a Computing System Design Task
- It can be analyzed by a Computing System Analysis Task
- It can be afflicted by Malware
- It can contain subsystems such as an Operating System
- …
- Example(s):
- a Machine-based Computing System, such as DatGen v3.1.
- a Human-based Computing System, such as a crowdsourcing platform where people perform distributed computing tasks.
- a Hybrid Computing System, such as an Amazon Mechanical Turk-based System that combines human intelligence with machine algorithms.
- an Information Processing System, designed to manage, process, and analyze large volumes of data.
- a Transaction Processing System, such as an online payment gateway used for e-commerce transactions.
- a Supercomputing System used for complex scientific calculations.
- a Cloud Computing System, such as those provided by AWS or Google Cloud.
- an Embedded Computing System, such as those found in modern appliances like smart thermostats or automobiles
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- a File System, can be part of a Computing System.
- a Living Organism.
- a Formal System.
- See: Programming Language, Computing System Administrator, Computing System Analysis Task, Living System, Cellular System, Cellular Automata, Dynamic System, Distributed System, Computing System Bug.
References
2024
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_systems
- NOTES:
- A Computer System is defined as the combination of hardware, software, user, and data, making it a broad category that covers a wide range of systems.
- Computer systems can be categorized into various subcategories, such as Capability Systems, Centralized Computing, and Embedded Systems.
- Specialized systems like Fault-tolerant computer systems ensure continuous operation despite failures, which is crucial for high-availability environments.
- Some systems are designed for specific use cases, like Email Systems, Military Computer Systems, and Streaming Media Systems.
- The evolution of computing systems has led to categories like Legacy Systems, which refers to outdated systems that are still in use, and Utility Computing, which involves the provision of computing resources on demand, akin to utilities like electricity or water.
- The pages in the category highlight specific examples of computer systems, including well-known types like Automotive Navigation Systems and critical concepts like Fault Tolerance and Scalability in system design.
- NOTES:
2014
- (Navlakha & Bar-Joseph, 2014) ⇒ Saket Navlakha, and Ziv Bar-Joseph. (2014). “Distributed Information Processing in Biological and Computational Systems.” In: Communications of the ACM Journal, 58(1). doi:10.1145/2678280
- QUOTE: Exploring the similarities and differences between distributed computations in biological and computational systems.
Biological systems, ranging from the molecular to the cellular to the organism level, are distributed and in most cases operate without central control. Such systems must solve information processing problems that are often very similar to problems faced by computational systems, including coordinated decision making, 29 leader election, 2 routing and navigation, 52 and more.42
- QUOTE: Exploring the similarities and differences between distributed computations in biological and computational systems.
2003
- (Maly et al., 2003) ⇒ Robin Jan Maly, Jan Mischke, Pascal Kurtansky, and Burkhard Stiller (2003). "Comparison of Centralized (Client-Server) and Decentralized (peer-to-peer) Networking". In: Semester thesis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 1-12.
- QUOTE: All computer systems can be classified into centralized and distributed, see Figure 1. Distributed systems can be further classified into the Client-Server model and the Peer-to-Peer model. The Client-Server model can be flat where all clients only communicate with a single server (possibly replicated for improved reliability), or it can be hierarchical for improved scalability. In a hierarchical model, the servers of one level are acting as clients to higher level servers.
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