Social Movement

A Social Movement is a social group action (of social activists) that focuses on specific social issues (through organized activism).

AKA: Popular Movement, Mass Movement, Collective Action Campaign.
Context:
- It can establish Movement Patterns through social movement protocols and strategies.
- It can improve Social Change through social movement action, with social impact gains based on social movement participant count.
- It can enhance Public Awareness through social movement advocacy, showing measurable shifts in social opinion.
- It can increase Social Reform Speed through social movement mobilization.
- It can transform Social Institutions through sustained social movement pressure.
- It can challenge Social Norms through social movement alternative practices.
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- It can often develop Social Movement Identity through social movement cultural practices and social movement symbols.
- It can often create Social Movement Knowledge through social movement research and social movement education.
- It can often build Social Movement Solidarity through social movement rituals and social movement shared experiences.
- It can often adapt to Movement Opposition through social movement tactical innovation.
- It can often respond to Social Movement Repression through social movement resilience strategy.
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- It can range from being a Local Social Movement to being a Global Social Movement, depending on its social movement geographic scope.
- It can range from being a Single Issue Social Movement to being a Multi Issue Social Movement, depending on its social movement focus breadth.
- It can range from being a Peaceful Social Movement to being a Militant Social Movement, depending on its social movement action approach.
- It can range from being a Spontaneous Social Movement Uprising to being an Organized Social Movement Campaign, depending on its social movement coordination level.
- It can range from being a Reform-Oriented Social Movement to being a Revolutionary Social Movement, depending on its social movement change goal.
- It can range from being a Short-Term Social Movement to being a Long-Term Social Movement, depending on its social movement temporal persistence.
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- It can publish Social Movement Declarations, such as a social movement manifesto, for social movement goals.
- It can organize Social Movement Demonstrations for social movement causes.
- It can build Social Movement Networks through social movement community organization.
- It can leverage Social Movement Media for social movement communication.
- It can maintain Social Movement Momentum through social movement ongoing activism.
- It can develop Social Movement Leadership through social movement organization structures.
- It can secure Social Movement Resources through social movement fundraising and social movement volunteer recruitment.
- It can measure Social Movement Success through social movement impact assessment.
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- It can be supported by a Political Movement for social movement legislative change.
- It can utilize Digital Platforms for social movement coordination.
- It can develop Social Movement Educational Programs for social movement public education.
- It can form Social Movement Coalitions with allied social movements.
- It can engage in Direct Action for social movement immediate impact.
- It can create Social Movement Narratives through social movement storytelling.
- It can utilize Social Movement Legal Strategy for social movement institutional change.
- It can implement Social Movement Economic Tactics like social movement boycotts and social movement divestment campaigns.
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Examples:
- Historical Social Movements, such as:
- Contemporary Social Movements, such as:
- Social Movement Organization Types, such as:
  - Grassroots Social Movement Organization using social movement horizontal structure.
  - Professionalized Social Movement Organization employing social movement strategic planning.
  - Coalition Social Movement Organization coordinating social movement aligned groups.
  - Online Social Movement Network leveraging social movement digital mobilization.
- Social Movement Tactical Approaches, such as:
- Social Movement Development Phases, such as:
  - Emergent Social Movement during social movement initial mobilization.
  - Coalescence Social Movement achieving social movement collective identity.
  - Institutionalized Social Movement establishing social movement organizational structure.
  - Decline/Transformation Social Movement experiencing social movement goal achievement or social movement resource depletion.
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Counter-Examples:
- Philosophical Movement, which focuses on abstract ideas rather than social change.
- Cultural Trend, which lacks organized social activism and social movement formal structure.
- Political Party, which operates within formal political institutions rather than through social movement grassroots mobilization.
- Social Club, which emphasizes social interaction over social change.
- Governmental Reform Initiative, which originates from state authority rather than social movement grassroots.
- Corporate Social Responsibility Program, which is driven by business interests rather than social movement collective action.
- Individual Activist, who lacks the social movement collective dimension essential to social movement.
- Fleeting Public Outrage, which lacks the social movement sustained organization characteristic of social movement.
See: Group Action (Sociology), Social Activist, Social Movement Organization, Social Movement Network, Social Movement Politics, Social Issue, Social Change, Political System, Social Movement Leadership, Social Movement Resource Mobilization, Social Movement Framing, Social Movement Diffusion, Social Movement Cycle, Social Movement Outcome.

References

2016

http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/noam-chomsky-electing-president-empire
- QUOTE:
  - Abby Martin: There’s this huge amount of grassroots energy, donations, around getting people elected who are believed to be able to give us solutions to the problems that we face now. What do you think we should be focusing our energy on?
  - Noam Chomsky: The only thing that’s going to ever, ever bring about any meaningful change is ongoing, dedicated, popular movements that don’t pay attention to the election cycle. It’s an extravaganza every four years.

2014

(Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movement Retrieved:2014-4-14.
- Social movements are a type of group action. They are large, sometimes informal, groupings of individuals or organizations which focus on specific political or social issues. In other words, they carry out, resist or undo a social change.
  Modern Western social movements became possible through education (the wider dissemination of literature), and increased mobility of labor due to the industrialization and urbanization of 19th century societies. It is sometimes argued that the freedom of expression, education and relative economic independence prevalent in the modern Western culture are responsible for the unprecedented number and scope of various contemporary social movements. However, others point out that many of the social movements of the last hundred years grew up, like the Mau Mau in Kenya, to oppose Western colonialism. Either way, social movements have been and continued to be closely connected with democratic political systems. Occasionally, social movements have been involved in democratizing nations, but more often they have flourished after democratization. Over the past 200 years, they have become part of a popular and global expression of dissent.
  Modern movements often utilize technology and the internet to mobilize people globally. Adapting to communication trends is a common theme among successful movements. Research is beginning to explore how advocacy organizations linked to social movements in the U.S. and Canada use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
  Political science and sociology have developed a variety of theories and empirical research on social movements. For example, some research in political science highlights the relation between popular movements and the formation of new political parties as well as discussing the function of social movements in relation to agenda setting and influence on politics.

(Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_movements Retrieved:2014-4-14.
- This is a partial list of social movements.
  - 9/11 Truth movement.
  - Animal rights movement
  - Anti-Apartheid Movement.
  - Anti-Bullying Movement.
  - Anti-colonial movements.
  - Anti-consumerism.
  - Anti-liquor Movement.
  - Anti-jock movement.
  - Anti-nuclear movement.
  - Anti-war movement
  - Anti-globalization movement.
  - Arab Spring.
  - Arts and Crafts movement.
  - Asamblea Popular de los Pueblos de Oaxaca - Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca, Mexico
  - Black Consciousness Movement.
  - Bolivia's Water War.
  - Brahmo Samaj movement
  - Brights movement.
  - Charismatic Movement.
  - Chicano Movement.
  - Children's Rights movement
  - Chipko Movement.
  - Civil rights movement
  - Minecraft movement
  - Coalition of Immokalee Workers.
  - Common Welfare Economy.
  - Conservation movement.
  - Counter-culture movement
  - Counter-terrorism movement
  - Cooperative movement.
  - Cultural movement.
  - Disability rights movement.
  - The Dream Act.
  - Ecology movement.
  - Ecofeminism.
  - Effective altruism.
  - Environmental justice movement
  - Environmental movement.
  - Ethiopian movement.
  - Fair trade movement
  - Farm to table movement
  - Feminist movement
  - Food not Bombs.
  - Free software movement.
  - Free love.
  - Global justice movement.
  - Health at Every Size.
  - Hippie Movement
  - Human rights movement
  - Hunger Relief for Africa movement
  - India Against Corruption.
  - Indigenous peoples movement
  - Hare Krishna movement (Bangalore India)
  - January 25 movement
  - Iranian Revolution of 1979.
  - Kony 2012.
  - Ku Klux Klan.
  - Labor movement.
  - Landless Peoples Movement (South Africa)
  - Landless Workers' Movement (MST), the landless workers' movement in Brasil
  - Let`s Do It, World!
  - Lawyers' Movement in Pakistan.
  - Lebensreform
  - LGBT social movements (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender social movements)
  - Libertarianism.
  - Lindsey E. Milner Movement.
  - Men's rights movement.
  - Namantar Andolan (Change Movement among Dalits in India)
  - Narmada Bachao Andolan.
  - Naturism.
  - Nazism.
  - Nepal's Second Movement for democracy
  - Non-cooperation movement.
  - Non-violence movement
  - Neurodiversity movement advocating for the right of people who are considered neurally divergent
  - Nudism.
  - Occupy movement.
  - Occupy Wall Street.
  - Orange Crush.
  - Prohibition or Temperance movement
  - Reform movements in the United States.
  - Renewable Energy movement
  - Right to life.
  - Rural people's movement.
  - Skeptical movement
  - Slow Food movement
  - Slow Movement.
  - Slutwalk Movement
  - Straight edge movement
  - Situationist International.
  - Social democracy.
  - Students for a Democratic Society.
  - Student movement.
  - Squatting movement
  - Taishō democracy in Japan.
  - Tea Party movement.
  - The Zeitgeist Movement.
  - Tibetan independence movement.
  - Treatment Action Campaign - movement struggling for HIV/AIDS treatment in South Africa
  - To Write Love on Her Arms.
  - Unemployed Peoples' Movement - South Africa.
  - United Farm Workers.
  - Via Campesina, La - international peasants movement representing 150 million people, advocating food sovereignty.
  - Wedding of the Weddings movement in Poland.
  - Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign South African movement struggling against evictions
  - Women's liberation movement.
  - Women's Movement.
  - Women's suffrage movement.
  - James Cocaine Movement.
  - Zapatista movement
  - Mountbatten Plan (1947) movement.
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