Noam Chomsky (1928-)
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Noam Chomsky (1928-) is a person.
- Context:
- They can range from being a Linguistics Researcher to being a Political Critic, depending on their academic focus.
- They can range from being a Cognitive Scientist to being an Anarchist Philosopher, based on their intellectual domain.
- They can range from being a Grammar Theorist to being a Media Critic, reflecting their research evolution.
- ...
- They can be a Linguistics Researcher.
- They can be a Cognitive Scientist.
- They can publish a Noam Chomsky Publication.
- They can be a Linguistics Researcher and develop linguistic theory through universal grammar and syntactic structures.
- They can be a Cognitive Scientist contributing to the understanding of human language and thought processes.
- They can be a Political Activist who critiques U.S. foreign policy and state capitalism.
- They can be an Anarcho-Syndicalist (who advocate for anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism as part of their broader political philosophy).
- They can publish influential works, collectively referred to as Noam Chomsky Publications, that analyze political systems and mass media.
- They can be a Hardcore Person known for their dedication to intellectual and political rigor.
- ...
- They can be known for Noam Chomsky Publications, such as: "Syntactic Structures", "Manufacturing Consent", "Knowledge of Language".
- They can be known for Noam Chomsky Quotes, such as:
- "My own concern is primarily the terror and violence carried out by my own state." which reflects their focus on domestic criticism.
- "The ethical value of one's actions depends on their anticipated and predictable consequences." which expresses their view on moral responsibility.
- ...
- Example(s):
- Chomsky, 1950s, when they developed foundational theories in linguistics.
- Chomsky, 1960s, as they expanded linguistic theory and began political activism.
- Chomsky, 1970s, during their critiques of the Vietnam War.
- Chomsky, 1980s, when they analyzed media and propaganda.
- Chomsky, 1990s, as they became a leading public intellectual.
- Chomsky, 2000s, continuing their work in linguistics and political criticism.
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Universal Grammar, Chomsky Hierarchy, Linguistic Theory, Political Criticism, Media Analysis, Anarchism.
References
- Personal Website: http://www.chomsky.info/
- http://www.zcommunications.org/blog/noamchomsky, a political blog of sorts based on many of his opinion pieces from 2004 to 2007.
2016
- http://www.alternet.org/media/noam-chomsky-unravels-political-mechanics-behind-his-gradual-expulsion-mainstream-media
- QUOTE: Ralph Nader and leading linguist Noam Chomsky engaged in a much anticipated discussion in early October on Ralph Nader Radio Hour. The two raised questions about changing the media narrative in a totalitarian-like state, and how Chomsky got dismissed from the mainstream altogether. …
… "How often have you been on the op-ed pages of the New York Times?" Nader asked Chomsky. For Chomsky, the last time was over a decade ago. …
… The irony of Chomsky's media criticism being dismissed by the media is not lost on the former MIT professor, who remains in awe of America's level of censorship. …
… "Any one of the former Bush-Cheney warmongers like Paul Wolfowitz and John Bolton and others have gotten far more press after they've left federal positions; in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post," Nader said. ...
- QUOTE: Ralph Nader and leading linguist Noam Chomsky engaged in a much anticipated discussion in early October on Ralph Nader Radio Hour. The two raised questions about changing the media narrative in a totalitarian-like state, and how Chomsky got dismissed from the mainstream altogether. …
2011
- http://noam-chomsky.tumblr.com/post/17547861328/my-own-concern-is-primarily-the-terror-and
- QUOTE: My own concern is primarily the terror and violence carried out by my own state, for two reasons. For one thing, because it happens to be the larger component of international violence. But also for a much more important reason than that; namely, I can do something about it. So even if the U.S. was responsible for 2 percent of the violence in the world instead of the majority of it, it would be that 2 percent I would be primarily responsible for. And that is a simple ethical judgment. That is, the ethical value of one’s actions depends on their anticipated and predictable consequences. It is very easy to denounce the atrocities of someone else. That has about as much ethical value as denouncing atrocities that took place in the 18th century. ...
2009
- (Wikipedia, 2012) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky
- Avram Noam Chomsky ( /ˈnoʊm ˈtʃɒmski/; born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher,[1][2] cognitive scientist, logician,[3][4] historian, political critic, and activist. He is an Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT, where he has worked for over 50 years.[5] In addition to his work in linguistics, he has written on war, politics, and mass media, and is the author of over 100 books.[6] According to the Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1992, Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar from 1980 to 1992, and was the eighth most cited source overall.[7][8][9][10] He has been described as a prominent cultural figure, and he was voted the "world's top public intellectual" in a 2005 poll.[11][12]
Chomsky has been described as the "father of modern linguistics"[13][14] and a major figure of analytic philosophy. His work has influenced fields such as computer science, mathematics, and psychology.[15][16] He is credited as the creator or co-creator of the Chomsky hierarchy, the universal grammar theory, and the Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem.
After the publication of his first books on linguistics, Chomsky became a prominent critic of the Vietnam War, and since then has continued to publish books of political criticism. He has become well known for his critiques of U.S. foreign policy,[17] state capitalism[18][19] and the mainstream news media. His media criticism has included Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (1988), co-written with Edward S. Herman, an analysis articulating the propaganda model theory for examining the media. He describes his views as "fairly traditional anarchist ones, with origins in the Enlightenment and classical liberalism",[20] and often identifies with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism.
- Avram Noam Chomsky ( /ˈnoʊm ˈtʃɒmski/; born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher,[1][2] cognitive scientist, logician,[3][4] historian, political critic, and activist. He is an Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT, where he has worked for over 50 years.[5] In addition to his work in linguistics, he has written on war, politics, and mass media, and is the author of over 100 books.[6] According to the Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1992, Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar from 1980 to 1992, and was the eighth most cited source overall.[7][8][9][10] He has been described as a prominent cultural figure, and he was voted the "world's top public intellectual" in a 2005 poll.[11][12]
- ↑ "Noam Chomsky", by Zoltán Gendler Szabó, in Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers, 1860–1960, ed. Ernest Lepore (2004). “Chomsky's intellectual life had been divided between his work in linguistics and his political activism, philosophy coming as a distant third. Nonetheless, his influence among analytic philosophers has been enormous because of three factors. First, Chomsky contributed substantially to a major methodological shift in the human sciences, turning away from the prevailing empiricism of the middle of the twentieth century: behaviorism in psychology, structuralism in linguistics and positivism in philosophy. Second, his groundbreaking books on syntax (Chomsky (1957, 1965)) laid a conceptual foundation for a new, cognitivist approach to linguistics and provided philosophers with a new framework for thinking about human language and the mind. And finally, he has persistently defended his views against all takers, engaging in important debates with many of the major figures in analytic philosophy..."
- ↑ The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (1999), "Chomsky, Noam," Cambridge University Press, pg. 138. “Chomsky, Noam (born 1928), preeminent American linguist, philosopher, and political activist... Many of Chomsky's most significant contributions to philosophy, such as his influential rejection of behaviorism... stem from his elaborations and defenses of the above consequences..."
- ↑ Edwin D. Reilly (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 43–44. ISBN 9781573565219. "In 1956, the logician Noam Chomsky showed that there are only four basically different forms Church-Turing thesis of grammar, which, in decreasing order of sophistication, he called grammars of Type 0, 1, 2, and 3."
- ↑ H. L. Somers (2003). Sergei Nirenburg, H. L. Somers, Yorick Wilks. ed. Readings in Machine Translation. MIT Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780262140744. "I think that this should be of sufficient interest to warrant some more detailed exhibition, especially since this insight is due to an important new, not to say revolutionary, view of the structure of language, recently outlined by the American linguist and logician Noam Chomsky [2], and could perhaps, in its turn and in due time, be turned into a new method of machine translation, which would be more complex than the known ones but also more effective."
- ↑ "MIT Department of Linguistics: People: Faculty: Noam Chomsky". Web.mit.edu. http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/chomsky/index.html. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Books". chomsky.info. http://www.chomsky.info/books.htm. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ↑ "Noam Chomsky". Web.archive.org. May 28, 2010. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100528222251/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/chomsky_noam.html. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Template:Cite news
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- ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/oct/18/books.highereducation
- ↑ Matt Dellinger, "Sounds and Sites: Noam Chomsky", The New Yorker, Link, 3-31-03. Retrieved 1-26-09
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Thomas Tymoczko, Jim Henle, James M. Henle, Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic, Birkhäuser, 2000, p. 101.
- ↑ Michael Sipser (1997). Introduction to the Theory of Computation. PWS Publishing. ISBN 0-534-94728-X.
- ↑ "The Cognitive Science Millennium Project". Cogsci.umn.edu. http://www.cogsci.umn.edu/OLD/calendar/past_events/millennium/final.html. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ↑ "The Accidental Bestseller, Publishers Weekly, 5-5-03. Retrieved 05-03-11. “Chomsky's controversial political works...became mainstream bestsellers."
- ↑ http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/1991----02.htm
- ↑ Arnove, Anthony (March 1997). "In Perspective: Noam Chomsky". International Socialism. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj74/arnove.htm. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- ↑ Chomsky (1996), pp. 71.
2008
- http://attackthesystem.com/2012/03/11/noam-chomsky-on-the-new-atheism/
- I haven’t been thrilled by the atheist movement. First, who is the audience? … Who, in fact, is the audience? … Furthermore, if it is to be even minimally serious, the 'new atheism' should focus its concerns on the virulent secular religions of state worship, so well exemplified by those who laud huge atrocities like the invasion of Iraq, or cannot comprehend why they might have some concern when their own state, with their support, carries out some of its minor peccadilloes, like killing probably tens of thousands of poor Africans by destroying their main source of pharmaceutical supplies on a whim -- arguably more morally depraved than intentional killing, for reasons I've discussed elsewhere. …
In brief, to be minimally serious the 'new atheism' should begin by looking in the mirror. ...
- I haven’t been thrilled by the atheist movement. First, who is the audience? … Who, in fact, is the audience? … Furthermore, if it is to be even minimally serious, the 'new atheism' should focus its concerns on the virulent secular religions of state worship, so well exemplified by those who laud huge atrocities like the invasion of Iraq, or cannot comprehend why they might have some concern when their own state, with their support, carries out some of its minor peccadilloes, like killing probably tens of thousands of poor Africans by destroying their main source of pharmaceutical supplies on a whim -- arguably more morally depraved than intentional killing, for reasons I've discussed elsewhere. …
1988
- (Herman & Chomsky, 1988) ⇒ Edward S. Herman, and Noam Chomsky. (1988). “Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media." Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN:9780307801623
1986
- (Chomsky, 1986) ⇒ Noam Chomsky. (1986). “Knowledge of Language: Its nature, origin, and use."
1971
- (Chomsky, 1971) ⇒ Noam Chomsky. (1971). “Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation.” In: Steinberg, D. and Jakobovits, L., eds. Semantics: an interdisciplinary reader in philosophy, linguistics, and philosophy.” Cambridge University Press.
1965
- (Chomsky, 1965) ⇒ Noam Chomsky. (1965). “Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.” MIT Press.
- QUOTE: Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance.
1957
- (Chomsky, 1957) ⇒ Noam Chomsky. (1957). “Syntactic Structures." Mouton de Gruyter.