Six-Item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)
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A Six-Item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a PRO assessment that is a self-administered questionnaire that is designed to assess the impact of headaches have on a person's ability to function on the job, at school, at home and in social situations.
- AKA: Headache Impact Test (HIT-6).
- Context:
- It is a 6-items (pain, social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning, and psychological distress) which are scored to convert to a HIT-6 score:
- 49 or less: little or no impact;
- 50 to 55: mild impact;
- 56 to 59: moderate impact;
- 60 to 78: severe impact;
- 79 or higher: negative impact.
- ...
- It is a 6-items (pain, social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning, and psychological distress) which are scored to convert to a HIT-6 score:
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- a 24-Hour Migraine Quality of Life Questionnaire (24-Hr MQoLQ),
- a Migraine Physical Function Impact Diary (MPFID),
- a HEADWORK Questionnaire,
- a Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS),
- a Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire (MFIQ),
- a Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ),
- a WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO-DAS II).
- See: Episodic Migraine (EM), Chronic Migraine (CM), SAFER Eligibility Check, Patient Intervention Questionnaire, Patient Intervention Outcome, Electronic Clinical Outcome Assessment (eCOA) System, Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome (ePRO), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Measure, International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), Neurological Disorder.
References
2022
- (National Headache Foundation, 2022) ⇒ https://headaches.org/resources/headache-tests/ Retrieved: 2022-2-19.
- QUOTE: HIT stands for Headache Impact Test. This tool helps patients communicate the severity of their headache pain to their healthcare provider. It helps to:
- Determine the impact headaches have on the patient’s life
- Better communicate the information to the healthcare provider
- Track the patient’s headache history and the effectiveness of therapy over time
- QUOTE: HIT stands for Headache Impact Test. This tool helps patients communicate the severity of their headache pain to their healthcare provider. It helps to:
2021a
- (D'Amico et al., 2021) ⇒ Domenico D'Amico, Stewart J. Tepper, Erika Guastafierro, Claudia Toppo, Matilde Leonardi, Licia Grazzi, Paolo Martelletti, and Alberto Raggi (2021)."Mapping Assessments Instruments for Headache Disorders against the ICF Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disability". In: International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(1). DOI:10.3390/ijerph18010246.
- QUOTE: Published results are mostly connected to migraine, and more specifically to chronic migraine (CM), and obtained through the use of few assessment instruments, namely the Migraine Disability Assessment scale (MIDAS)[1], the six-Item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)[2], and the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) [3]. There is a lack of information about TTH and poor information about cluster headache (CH) [4], a condition in which most of research was designed using again the HIT-6, MIDAS, and the MSQ(...)
Almost all assessment instruments retrieved in this review have been used in migraine research, with the exclusion of two CH-specific assessments.
The most used tools were MIDAS[1], HIT-6[2], and the MSQ[3], used in 80, 56, and 27 studies, respectively. In addition to this, 11 studies employed an instrument from the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) family [5],[6] (either the 36 or 12 item version), and 10 studies employed an instrument from the Short-Form (SF) Health Survey family, i.e., the SF-36, SF-12, or SF-8 [7]. The ICF-linked items by domain for each of the assessment tools used in the research papers included in our analysis are reported in Table 2(...)
Other less used tools were the Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire (MFIQ)[8], the Migraine Physical Function Impact Diary (MFIPD)[9] addressing impact on daily functioning, and the 24-h Migraine Quality of Life Questionnaire (24-h MqoLQ), addressing various dimensions of QoL [10][11]. Finally, the HEADWORK questionnaire[12] was validated on migraine patients, although deemed to be feasible to address work-related problems of other headache patients.
- QUOTE: Published results are mostly connected to migraine, and more specifically to chronic migraine (CM), and obtained through the use of few assessment instruments, namely the Migraine Disability Assessment scale (MIDAS)[1], the six-Item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)[2], and the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) [3]. There is a lack of information about TTH and poor information about cluster headache (CH) [4], a condition in which most of research was designed using again the HIT-6, MIDAS, and the MSQ(...)
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stewart, W.F.; Lipton, R.B.; Kolodner, K.; Liberman, J.; Sawyer, J. "Reliability of the Migraine Disability Assessment Score in A Population-Based Sample of Headache Sufferers". Cephalalgia 1999, 19, 107–114.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kosinski, M.R.; Bayliss, M.; Bjorner, J.; Ware, J.E., Jr.; Garber, W.; Batenhorst, A.; Cady, R.; Dahlöf, C.; Dowson, A.; Tepper, S. A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: The HIT-6™. Qual. Life Res. 2003, 12, 963–974.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Martin, B.C.; Pathak, D.S.; Sharfman, M.I.; Adelman, J.U.; Taylor, F.R.; Kwong, W.J.; Jhingran, P. Validity and reliability of the migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ Version 2.1). Headache J. Head Face Pain 2000, 40, 204–216.
- ↑ D’Amico, D.; Raggi, A.; Grazzi, L.; Lambru, G. Disability, Quality of Life, and Socioeconomic Burden of Cluster Headache: A Critical Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Headache J. Head Face Pain 2020, 60, 809–818.
- ↑ Üstün, T.B.; Chatterji, S.; Kostanjsek, N.; Rehm, J.; Kennedy, C.; Epping-Jordan, J.; Saxena, S.; Von Korff, M.; Pull, C. Developing the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Bull. World Health Organ. 2010, 88, 815–823.
- ↑ Garin, O.; Ayuso, J.L.; Almansa, J.; Nieto, M.; Chatterji, S.; Vilagut, G.; Alonso, J.; Cieza, A.; Svestkova, O.; Burger, H.; et al. chronic diseases. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2010, 8, 51.
- ↑ Ware, J.J. SF-36 Health Survey. Manual and Interpretation Guide; The Health Institute, New England Medical Center: Boston, MA, USA, 1993.
- ↑ Kawata, A.K.; Hareendran, A.; Shaffer, S.; Mannix, S.; Thach, A.; Desai, P.; Mikol, D.D.; Ortmeier, B.; Bayliss, M.; Buse, D.C. Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire (MFIQ). Headache J. Head Face Pain 2019, 59, 1253–1269.
- ↑ Kawata, A.K.; Hsieh, R.; Bender, R.; Shaffer, S.; Revicki, D.A.; Bayliss, M.; Buse, D.C.; Desai, P.; Sapra, S.; Ortmeier, B.; et al. Psychometric Evaluation of a Novel Instrument Assessing the Impact of Migraine on Physical Functioning: The Migraine Physical Function Impact Diary. Headache J. Head Face Pain 2017, 57, 1385–1398.
- ↑ Hartmaier, S.L.; Santanello, N.C.; Epstein, R.S.; Silberstein, S.D. Development of a Brief 24-Hour Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire. Headache J. Head Face Pain 1995, 35, 320–329.
- ↑ Santanello, N.C.; Hartmaier, S.L.; Epstein, R.S.; Silberstein, S.D. Validation of a New Quality of Life Questionnaire for Acute Migraine Headache. Headache J. Head Face Pain 1995, 35, 330–337.
- ↑ Raggi, A.; Covelli, V.; Guastafierro, E.; Leonardi, M.; Scaratti, C.; Grazzi, L.; Bartolini, M.; Viticchi, G.; Cevoli, S.; Pierangeli, G.; et al. Validation of a self-reported instrument to assess work-related difficulties in patients with migraine: The HEADWORK questionnaire. J. Headache Pain 2018, 19, 85.
2021b
- (Lanteri-Minet et al., 2021) ⇒ Michel Lanteri-Minet, Peter J. Goadsby, Uwe Reuter, Shihua Wen, Peggy Hours-Zesiger, Michel D. Ferrari, and Jan Klatt (2021). "Effect of erenumab on functional outcomes in patients with episodic migraine in whom 2–4 preventives were not useful: results from the LIBERTY study". In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 92(5), 466-472.
- QUOTE: Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a short-form self-administered questionnaire based on the Internet-HIT question pool that evaluates how often headaches affect activities or cause distress, using the functionally relevant domains[1]. Six domains assess the frequency of pain severity, headaches limiting daily activity (household, work, school and social), wanting to lie down when headache is experienced, feeling too tired to work or do daily activities because of headache, feeling ‘fed up’ or irritated because of headache and headaches limiting ability to concentrate or work on daily activities. No recall period is specified for the first three items, while the past 4 weeks is used for the last three items. HIT-6 scores are categorised into four grades, representing little or no impact (49 or less), some impact (50 to 55), substantial impact (56 to 59) and severe impact (60 to 78) due to headache; higher scores suggest negative impact. The thresholds for minimally important intergroup differences are well established; −1.5 for EM[2] and −2.3 for CM[3] In an individual patient, a reduction of 5 points is usually considered clinically meaningful with negative change indicating improvement[4]
Functional impairment in patients with migraine was measured using change in HIT-6 score from baseline to Week 12, and percentage of patients with a ≥5-point reduction in total HIT-6 score between baseline and Week 12.
- QUOTE: Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) is a short-form self-administered questionnaire based on the Internet-HIT question pool that evaluates how often headaches affect activities or cause distress, using the functionally relevant domains[1]. Six domains assess the frequency of pain severity, headaches limiting daily activity (household, work, school and social), wanting to lie down when headache is experienced, feeling too tired to work or do daily activities because of headache, feeling ‘fed up’ or irritated because of headache and headaches limiting ability to concentrate or work on daily activities. No recall period is specified for the first three items, while the past 4 weeks is used for the last three items. HIT-6 scores are categorised into four grades, representing little or no impact (49 or less), some impact (50 to 55), substantial impact (56 to 59) and severe impact (60 to 78) due to headache; higher scores suggest negative impact. The thresholds for minimally important intergroup differences are well established; −1.5 for EM[2] and −2.3 for CM[3] In an individual patient, a reduction of 5 points is usually considered clinically meaningful with negative change indicating improvement[4]
- ↑ Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, et al. A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res 2003;12:963–74.doi:10.1023/A:1026119331193 pmid:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651415
- ↑ Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, et al. A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res 2003;12:963–74.doi:10.1023/A:1026119331193pmid:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651415
- ↑ Coeytaux RR, Kaufman JS, Chao R, et al. Four methods of estimating the minimal important difference score were compared to establish a clinically significant change in headache impact test. J Clin Epidemiol 2006;59:374–80.doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.05.010pmid:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16549259
- ↑ Bayliss M, Batenhorst A. The HIT-6TM A user’s guide. QualityMetric Incorporated: Lincoln, RI, 2002.
2011
- (Yang et al., 2011) ⇒ Min Yang, Regina Rendas-Baum, Sepideh F. Varon, and Mark Kosinski (2011). "Validation of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine". In: Cephalalgia, 31(3): 357-367.
- QUOTE: The six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) was designed to provide a global measure of adverse headache impact (...) and was developed to use in screening and monitoring patients with headaches in both clinical practice and clinical research (...). The HIT-6 items measure the adverse impact of headache on social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning and psychological distress. The HIT-6 also measures the severity of headache pain. The six items were selected from 89 items (54 from an existing adverse headache impact item pool and 35 items recommended by clinicians) (...). The HIT-6 shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness in general headache patients (19–21). Since its initial development and validation, the HIT-6 has been well received and widely utilized in clinical practice, and applied to clinical trials for patient screening and treatment monitoring of headaches, including migraine (22–28).
The HIT-6 was developed among headache sufferers with different headache day frequency and severity levels. Given the increasing use of the HIT-6 in clinical management of patients, as well as in clinical research, it is necessary to provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the HIT-6 in migraine patients who suffer varying headache day frequency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the HIT-6 among migraine patients, and its ability in discriminating headache impact and the level of disability between EM and CM disorders.
- QUOTE: The six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) was designed to provide a global measure of adverse headache impact (...) and was developed to use in screening and monitoring patients with headaches in both clinical practice and clinical research (...). The HIT-6 items measure the adverse impact of headache on social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning and psychological distress. The HIT-6 also measures the severity of headache pain. The six items were selected from 89 items (54 from an existing adverse headache impact item pool and 35 items recommended by clinicians) (...). The HIT-6 shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness in general headache patients (19–21). Since its initial development and validation, the HIT-6 has been well received and widely utilized in clinical practice, and applied to clinical trials for patient screening and treatment monitoring of headaches, including migraine (22–28).
2008
- (Shin et al., 2008) ⇒ Hae Eun Shin, Jeong Wook Park, Yeong In Kim, and Kwang Soo Lee (2008). "Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) Scores for Migraine Patients: Their Relation to Disability as Measured from a Headache Diary". In: Journal of Clinical Neurology, 4(4):158-163.
- QUOTE: The Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) was developed to measure a wide spectrum of the factors contributing to the burden of headache, and it has demonstrated utility for generating quantitative and pertinent information on the impact of headache. The HIT-6 consists of six items: pain, social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning, and psychological distress. The patient answers each of the six related questions using one of the following five responses: "never", "rarely", "sometimes", "very often", or "always". These responses are summed to produce a total HIT-6 score that ranges from 36 to 78, where a higher score indicates a greater impact of headache on the daily life of the respondent. Scores can be interpreted using four groupings that indicate the severity of headache impact on the patient's life.
2003
- (Kosinski et al., 2003) ⇒ M. Kosinski, M.S. Bayliss, J.B. Bjorner, J.E. Ware Jr., W.H. Garber, A. Batenhorst, R. Cady, C.G.H. Dahlof, A. Dowson, and S. Tepper (2003) "A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: The HIT-6™". In: Quality of life research, 12(8), 963-974.
- QUOTE: Objective: To develop a new short form (HIT-6) for assessing the impact of headaches that has broad content coverage but is brief as well as reliable and valid enough to use in screening and monitoring patients in clinical research and practice. Methods: HIT-6 items were selected from an existing item pool of 54 items and from 35 items suggested by clinicians. Items were selected and modified based on content validity, item response theory (IRT) information functions, item internal consistency, distributions of scores, clinical validity, and linguistic analyses. The HIT-6 was evaluated in an Internet-based survey of headache sufferers (n = 1103) who were members of America Online (AOL). After 14 days, 540 participated in a follow-up survey.