Natural Language Syntax

AKA: NL Grammar.
Context:
- It can determine the Natural Language Syntactic Structure (the Syntactic Structure of the Natural Language).
- It can be associated to a Natural Language Syntactic Parser.
- It can be proposed by a Natural Language Syntactic Theory.
- It can be Reverse Engineered.
- It can Modeled by a:
  - Lexical-Functional Grammar Theory
  - Phrase-Structure Grammar Theory
  - Link Grammar Theory
  - Dependency Grammar Theory
  - Tree Adjoining Grammar Theory
  - Categorical Grammar Theory
- It can have Syntactic Elements, such as:
  - a Linguistic Phrase.
  - a Linguistic Clause.
- It can be a part of a Natural Language Grammar System.
  - Which can include Non-Terminal Symbols, Pre-Terminal Symbols and Terminal Symbols.
Example(s):
- S->NP+VP, NP->(AP)N(PP), … (a Phrase-Structure Grammar Model for English).
- …
Counter-Example(s):
- a Programming Language Syntax.
See: Natural Language Parser, Grammar Lexicalization, Context-Free Grammar, Finite State Grammar, Natural Language Parsing, Natural Language Generation.

References

http://www.ps.uni-sb.de/~niehren/Web/Vorlesungen/Oz-NL-SS01/vorlesung/node49.html
- Natural language has an underlying structure usually referred to under the heading of Syntax. The fundamental idea of syntax is that words group together to form so-called constituents i.e. groups of words or phrases which behave as a single unit. These constituents can combine together to form bigger constituents and eventually sentences.
http://www.developingcourses.com/mod/glossary
- QUOTE: Grammar is the set of rules that tells how words can be put into a sequence and a form that allows their meaning to become unambiguous in a sentence. The order of words in a phrase, clause or sentence is called its syntax and the form of words is called morphology (for example, to show plural we add the morpheme s, to show possession, we add the morpheme 's).

WordNet Syntax
- the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
- studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences

(Wikipedia, 2009) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax
- In linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek συν- syn-, "together", and τάξις táxis, "arrangement") is the study of the principles and rules for constructing sentences in natural languages. ...

Wiktionary en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syntax
- A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences; The formal rules of formulating the statements of a computer ...

(Crystal, 2008) ⇒ David Crystal. (2008). “A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th edition." Blackwell Publishing.
- … Lexis may be seen in contrast with GRAMMAR, as in the distinction between 'grammatical WORDS' and lexical words.

(SagWB, 2003) ⇒ I. A. Sag, T. Wasow, and E. M. Bender. (2003). “Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction, 2nd edition." CSLI Publications.
- The term 'syntax' is often used instead of 'grammar' in technical work in linguistics. While the two terms are sometimes interchangeable, 'grammar' may also be used more broadly to cover all aspects of language structure; 'syntax', on the other hand, refers only the the ways in which words combine in phrases and phrases in sentences - the form or structures of well-formed expressions. Linguists divide grammar into 'syntax', 'semantics' (the study of linguistic meaning), 'morphology' (the study of word structure,), and 'phonology' (the study of sound patterns of language). Although these distinctions are conceptually clear, many phenomena in natural languages involve more than one of these components of grammar.

1998_IntroToGB.
- "One of the main aims of linguistics is to find and describe the structure that is hidden behind the utterances we make. (1) Peter loves Mary. (2) *Loves Peter Mary. We will intuitively accept (1) but reject (2). We will conclude from this, in accordance with all linguists, that an English sentence usually has Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order."