Macrolide Molecule
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
A Macrolide Molecule is a macrocyclic molecule with a large lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars are attached.
- Context:
- It can range from being a Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotic to being a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic.
- It can inhibit Bacterial Protein Synthesis by binding to the 50S Ribosomal Subunit, and so can serve as an antibiotic.
- It can be derived from natural sources, such as Streptomyces.
- It can exhibit resistance mechanisms, including target site modification and efflux pumps.
- ...
- Example(s):
- an Erythromycin, used for respiratory infections.
- an Azithromycin , that demonstrates improved pharmacokinetics and is often prescribed for community-acquired pneumonia.
- a Clarithromycin, used for Helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease.
- a Roxithromycin, used for soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections.
- a Telithromycin, used for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.
- a Spiramycin, used for toxoplasmosis.
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- a Beta-Lactam Molecule, such as Penicillin.
- a Tetracycline Molecule.
- an Aminoglycoside, such as Gentamicin.
- a Fluoroquinolone, such as Ciprofloxacin.
- a Sulfonamide Molecule, such as Sulfamethoxazole.
- See: Lactone, Antibiotic, 50S Ribosomal Subunit, Bacteriostatic, Cladinose, Desosamine, Polyketide, Antibiotic, Antifungal, Pharmaceutical Drug, Rapamycin.
References
2024
- (Wikipedia, 2024) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolide Retrieved:2024-6-30.
- Macrolides are a class of mostly natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The lactone rings are usually 14-, 15-, or 16-membered. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Some macrolides have antibiotic or antifungal activity and are used as pharmaceutical drugs. Rapamycin is also a macrolide and was originally developed as an antifungal, but is now used as an immunosuppressant drug and is being investigated as a potential longevity therapeutic.
Macrolides are bacteriostatic in that they suppress or inhibit bacterial growth rather than killing bacteria completely.
- Macrolides are a class of mostly natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The lactone rings are usually 14-, 15-, or 16-membered. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Some macrolides have antibiotic or antifungal activity and are used as pharmaceutical drugs. Rapamycin is also a macrolide and was originally developed as an antifungal, but is now used as an immunosuppressant drug and is being investigated as a potential longevity therapeutic.