Triassic Period (252MYA - 200MYA)
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A Triassic Period (252MYA - 200MYA) is a geologic period that started approximately 252 million years ago with the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event and ended approximately 201 million years ago with the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event.
- AKA: Trias, Early Mesozoic, Age of Early Dinosaurs.
- Context:
- It can (typically) initiate Mesozoic Era as its first period.
- It can (typically) follow Permian Period in geologic time.
- It can (typically) precede Jurassic Period in stratigraphic sequence.
- It can (often) demonstrate Climate Variation through temperature changes and humidity levels.
- It can (often) exhibit Continental Configuration through landmass positions and ocean basins.
- It can (often) support Ecosystem Recovery after mass extinction.
- It can (often) facilitate Species Diversification through adaptive radiation.
- ...
- It can range from being a Hot Arid Triassic Period to being a Warm Humid Triassic Period , depending on its temporal progression.
- It can range from being a Species Poor Triassic Period to being a Species Rich Triassic Period , depending on its biological recovery stage.
- It can range from being a Unified Pangaea Triassic Period to being an Initial Rift Triassic Period, depending on its tectonic phase.
- ...
- It can be associated with the recovery and diversification of life after the Permian-Triassic Extinction.
- It can see the emergence of the first Dinosaurs and Mammals.
- It can be marked by the appearance of the first pterosaurs, the first flying vertebrates.
- It can include the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea and its gradual rifting into Laurasia and Gondwana.
- It can have a hot and dry climate that gradually becomes more humid towards the end of the period.
- Environmental Types, such as:
- ...
- Examples:
- Early Triassic (252.2MYA - 247.2MYA) with post-extinction recovery, including:
- Middle Triassic (247.2MYA - 237MYA) with initial diversification, including:
- Late Triassic (237MYA - 201.3MYA) with ecosystem establishment, including:
- ...
- Counter-Examples:
- Permian Period (299MYA - 252MYA), which lacks mesozoic characteristics.
- Jurassic Period (201.3MYA - 145MYA), which lacks early mesozoic features.
- Paleozoic Period, which lacks dinosaur evolution.
- Quaternary Period, which lacks pangaean configuration.
- See: Cretaceous, System (Stratigraphy), Mesozoic, Limestone, Mudstone, Sandstone, Permian–Triassic Extinction Event, Triassic-Jurassic Extinction, Pangaea, Archosaur, Therapsid.
References
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2024-12-20
- Perplexity.ai
- Question: Provide a comprehensive overview of the Triassic Period, including its geological timeline, major characteristics, and significant events. Describe the climate conditions, geographical features, and the supercontinent Pangaea's configuration during this time. Explain the biological recovery and diversification following the Permian-Triassic extinction event, including the emergence of new species. Discuss any notable extinction events that occurred during or at the end of the Triassic.
- Answer: The Triassic Period spanned approximately 50.5 million years, from 251.902 to 201.4 million years ago, marking the first period of the Mesozoic Era. This period represented a crucial transition in Earth's history.
- Geological Timeline:
- Early Triassic (251.902-247.2 Mya):
- Middle Triassic (247.2-237 Mya):
- Late Triassic (237-201.4 Mya):
- Climate Conditions:
- Early Triassic:
- Experienced the hottest period of the Phanerozoic.
- Underwent the Dienerian Cooling (251-249 Ma).
- Middle Triassic:
- Featured declining temperatures during the Anisian.
- Experienced the Ladinian-Carnian Cooling (242-233 Ma).
- Late Triassic:
- Marked by the Carnian Pluvial Event with increased humidity.
- Underwent the Early Norian Cool Interval (227-217 Ma).
- Concluded with the End-Triassic Thermal Event.
- Early Triassic:
- Geographic Configuration:
- Pangaea dominated the globe in a C-shaped configuration.
- Surrounded by the Panthalassa Ocean.
- Featured the Tethys Sea in the C-shaped indent.
- Split into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south.
- Geological Timeline:
- Citations:
[1] https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/environmental-science/geology/triassic-period/ [2] https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mesozoic/triassic/triassictect.html [3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8300500/ [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic [5] https://www.britannica.com/science/Triassic-Period
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic Retrieved:2014-9-27.
- The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Mya (to million years ago). It is the first period of the Mesozoic Era, and lies between the Permian and Jurassic periods. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich von Alberti, after the three distinct rock layers (tri meaning "three") that are found throughout Germany and northwestern Europe — red beds, capped by marine limestone, followed by a series of terrestrial mud- and sandstones — called the "Trias." [1] The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it would take well into the middle of the period for life to recover its former diversity. Therapsids and archosaurs were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs, dinosaurs, first appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become dominant until the succeeding Jurassic.[2] The first true mammals, themselves a specialized subgroup of Therapsids also evolved during this period, as well as the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, who like the dinosaurs were a specialized subgroup of archosaurs. The vast supercontinent of Pangaea existed until the mid-Triassic, after which it began to gradually rift into two separate landmasses, Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The global climate during the Triassic was mostly hot and dry, [3] with deserts spanning much of Pangaea's interior. However, the climate shifted and became more humid as Pangaea began to drift apart. The end of the period was marked by yet another major mass extinction, wiping out many groups and allowing dinosaurs to assume dominance in the Jurassic.
- ↑ Friedrich von Alberti, Beitrag zu einer Monographie des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keupers, und die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation [Contribution to a monograph on the colored sandstone, shell limestone and mudstone, and the joining of these structures into one formation] (Stuttgart and Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1834). Alberti coined the term "Trias" on page 324 :
"… bunter Sandstein, Muschelkalk und Keuper das Resultat einer Periode, ihre Versteinerungen, um mich der Worte E. de Beaumont’s zu bedeinen, die Thermometer einer geologischen Epoche seyen, … also die bis jezt beobachtete Trennung dieser Gebilde in 3 Formationen nicht angemessen, und es mehr dem Begriffe Formation entsprechend sey, sie zu einer Formation, welche ich vorläufig Trias nennen will, zu verbinden."
(… colored sandstone, shell limestone, and mudstone are the result of a period ; their fossils are, to avail myself of the words of E. de Beaumont, the thermometer of a geologic epoch ; … thus the separation of these structures into 3 formations, which has been maintained until now, isn't appropriate, and it is more consistent with the concept of "formation" to join them into one formation, which for now I will name "trias".) - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ "Lethally Hot" Earth Was Devoid of Life — Could It Happen Again?