Criminal Act

A Criminal Act is a unlawful act that is punishable by a political authority.

• Context:
  • It can (often) be preceded by a Criminal Intent.
  • It can be referenced by a Crime Measure, such as crime rate.
  • It can range from being an Economic Criminal Act to being a Non-Economic Criminal Act
  • It can range from being a Individual-Perpetrated Crime or an Organizational Crime (such as white-collar crime).
  • It can be influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, environment, and opportunity.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Violent Crimes, such as: Assault and Murder.
  • Sexual Crimes, such as: Rape.
  • Property Crimes, such as: Theft.
  • Organizational Crimes, such as: Corporate Embezzlement and Corporate Fraud.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Permissible Act.
  • a Social Deviance Act.
• See: Criminal Law, Statutory.

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References

2021

• (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crime Retrieved:2021-5-21.
  • In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law. The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is defined by criminal law of each country. While many have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal code, in some common law countries no such comprehensive statute exists. The state (government) has the power to severely restrict one's liberty for committing a crime. In modern societies, there are procedures to which investigations and trials must adhere. If found guilty, an offender may be sentenced to a form of reparation such as a community sentence, or, depending on the nature of their offence, to undergo imprisonment, life imprisonment or, in some jurisdictions, execution. Usually, to be classified as a crime, the "act of doing something criminal" (actus reus) mustwith certain exceptionsbe accompanied by the "intention to do something criminal" (mens rea). While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law counts as a crime. Breaches of private law (torts and breaches of contract) are not automatically punished by the state, but can be enforced through civil procedure. The world of crime and criminals is often called "the underworld."

2021

• https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2021-05-21/competition-can-be-good-developing-world
  • QUOTE: ... If a minister of a poor country were to ask American diplomats or economists for advice about development, he or she would likely be given a rather tedious lecture about human rights, fighting corruption, freedom of the press, and the like.

    These are laudable objectives. But they require a long-term institutional transformation that can be brought about only through consistent policies pursued over a period of several decades. Such advice does not address the pressing concerns of most low- and middle-income countries, such as jump-starting economic growth in remote regions, finding jobs for graduating students, or reducing crime driven by economic destitution. ...

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