Socioeconomic Status (SES) Measure
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A Socioeconomic Status (SES) Measure is a social measure based on a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic access to resources and social position in relation to others.
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- See: Education Measure, Income Measure, Relative Education Measure, Relative Income Measure, Social Status, Economic Status.
References
2022
- (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status Retrieved:2022-8-23.
- Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic access to resources and social position in relation to others. [1] [2] When analyzing a family's SES, the household income, earners' education, and occupation are examined, as well as combined income, whereas for an individual's SES only their own attributes are assessed. Recently, research has revealed a lesser recognized attribute of SES as perceived financial stress, as it defines the "balance between income and necessary expenses". [3] [4] [2] Perceived financial stress can be tested by deciphering whether a person at the end of each month has more than enough, just enough, or not enough money or resources.[2] [5] However, SES is more commonly used to depict an economic difference in society as a whole. [6] Socioeconomic status is typically broken into three levels (high, middle, and low) to describe the three places a family or an individual may fall into. When placing a family or individual into one of these categories, any or all of the three variables (income, education, and occupation) can be assessed. Education in higher socioeconomic families is typically stressed as much more important, both within the household as well as the local community. In poorer areas, where food, shelter and safety are a priority, education can take a backseat. Youth audiences are particularly at risk for many health and social problems in the United States, such as unwanted pregnancies, drug abuse, and obesity. Additionally, low income and education have been shown to be strong predictors of a range of physical and mental health problems, including respiratory viruses, arthritis, coronary disease, and schizophrenia. These problems may be due to environmental conditions in their workplace, or, in the case of disabilities or mental illnesses, may be the entire cause of that person's social predicament to begin with.
- ↑ Oakes JM, Rossi PH. The measurement of SES in health research: current practice and steps toward a new approach. Soc Sci Med. Feb; 2003 56(4):769–784. [PubMed: 12560010]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Palta P, Szanton SL, Semba RD, et al. Financial strain is associated with increased oxidative stress levels: the Women's Health and Aging Studies. Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.). 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2 Suppl):S33-7. . PMID 25784083; PMCID: PMC6053071.
- ↑ Szanton SL, Allen JK, Thorpe RJ Jr, Seeman T, Bandeen-Roche K, Fried LP. Effect of financial strain on mortality in community-dwelling older women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. Nov; 2008 63(6):S369–374. [PubMed: 19092046]
- ↑ Sun F, Hilgeman MM, Durkin DW, Allen RS, Burgio LD. Perceived income inadequacy as a predictor of psychological distress in Alzheimer’s caregivers. Psychol Aging. Mar; 2009 24(1):177– 183. [PubMed: 19290749]
- ↑ Szanton SL, Thorpe RJ, Whitfield K. Life-course financial strain and health in African-Americans. Soc Sci Med. Jul; 2010 71(2):259–265. [PubMed: 20452712]
- ↑ National Center for Educational Statistics. 31 March 2008. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/glossary/s.asp. Archived.
2009
- (Sackett et al., 2009) ⇒ Paul R. Sackett, Nathan R. Kuncel, Justin J. Arneson, Sara R. Cooper, and Shonna D. Waters. (2009). “Does socioeconomic status explain the relationship between admissions tests and post-secondary academic performance?." Psychological Bulletin, 135(1).
- ABSTRACT: Critics of educational admissions tests assert that tests measure nothing more than socioeconomic status (SES) and that their apparent validity in predicting academic performance is an artifact of SES. The authors examined multiple large data sets containing data on admissions and related tests, SES, and grades showing that (a) SES is related to test scores (r = .42 among the population of SAT takers), (b) test scores are predictive of academic performance, and (c) statistically controlling for SES reduces the estimated test?grade correlation from r = .47 to r = .44. Thus, the vast majority of the test?academic performance relationship was independent of SES: The authors concluded that the test?grade relationship is not an artifact of common influences of SES on both test scores and grades.