U.S. Special-Purpose District
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A U.S. Special-Purpose District is a localized U.S. administrative body that provides specific services within a defined geographic area.
- Example(s):
- a School District.
- a Fire Protection District.
- a Hospital District.
- a Library District.
- ...
- See: Administrative Body, Public Finance.
References
2023
- chat
- A U.S. special-purpose district is a type of local government entity that is established to serve specific functions within a defined geographic area. These districts operate independently from general-purpose local governments, such as cities and counties, and are created to address specific needs or provide particular services that may not be covered or adequately addressed by broader local government structures. A board or commission governs special-purpose districts and typically have their own taxing authority or other revenue sources to fund its operations.
- There are various kinds of special-purpose districts in the United States, including but not limited to:
- School districts: These districts are responsible for the administration and management of public education within their jurisdiction. They establish schools, hire staff, and determine curriculum and educational policies.
- Utility districts: These districts provide essential services like water, sewer, and power to the residents within their boundaries. Examples include water and sewer districts, public utility districts, and irrigation districts.
- Fire protection districts: These districts are responsible for providing fire protection and emergency medical services within their jurisdiction. They maintain fire stations, fire apparatus, and employ firefighters and paramedics.
- Transit districts: These districts are responsible for providing public transportation services within their jurisdiction. Examples include metropolitan transit authorities and regional transportation districts.
- Library districts: These districts are established to provide library services to the residents within their boundaries. They operate public libraries, maintain collections, and provide programs and services to the community.
- Hospital districts: These districts are responsible for providing healthcare services within their jurisdiction. They may operate hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare facilities.
- Mosquito control districts: These districts control mosquito populations within their jurisdiction to protect public health and reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.
- Parks and recreation districts: These districts are responsible for providing and maintaining parks, recreational facilities, and programs within their jurisdiction.
- Air pollution control districts: These districts are responsible for monitoring and regulating air quality within their jurisdiction to protect public health and the environment.
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_district_(United_States) Retrieved:2023-4-27.
- Special districts (also known as special service districts, special district governments, limited purpose entities, or special-purpose districts) are independent, special-purpose governmental units that exist separately from local governments such as county, municipal, and township governments, with substantial administrative and fiscal independence. They are formed to perform a single function or a set of related functions.[1] The term special district governments as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau excludes school districts.[1] In 2017, the U.S. had more than 51,296 special district governments.
2015
- (Wikipedia, 2015) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special-purpose_district#Accountability Retrieved:2015-12-30.
- There is a citizen-government fiscal accountability relationship. [1] To maintain accountability for special districts, states must maintain ultimate control (the power to repeal the authorizing law at any time). [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Due to of public foundation and, thus, ultimate control, the state can freely delegate sovereign power (such as the power to tax) to special districts and can allow them to act autonomously with little supervision.
- ↑ Mead, D. M. (Winter 2002). The role of GASB 34 in the citizen-government accountability relationship. State and Local Government Review. Vol 34, No. 1 51-63.
- ↑ Hess V. Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, 513 U.S. 30, 115 S. Ct. 394, 130 L. Ed. 2d 245 (1994)
- ↑ Meriwether v. Garrett, 102 U.S. 472, 26 L. Ed. 197 (1880)
- ↑ Palm Beach County Health Care District v. Everglades Memorial Hospital, 658 So. 2d 577 (Fla. 1995)
- ↑ Hess v. Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, 513 U.S. 30,115 S. Ct. 394, 130 L. Ed. 2d 245 (1994)
- ↑ Vogt v. Orleans Levee District, 294 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2002)
- ↑ Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 84 S. Ct. 136, 12 L. Ed. 2d 506 (1964)