Orthographic Error
An Orthographic Error is a text error that involves text character updates.
- AKA: Typopgrahic Mistake.
- Context:
- It can be detected by a Orthographic Error Detection System.
- It can be corrected by an Orthographic Error Correction System (solving an orthographic error correction task).
- It can range from being a Human Induced Error (e.g. dring a typing process) to being a Machine Induced Error.
- It can be detected and corrected by a Automatic Text Error Detection and Correction System.
- It can range from being a Misspelling Error, Capitalization Error, or a Punctuation Error.
- …
- Example(s):
- a Character-level Error such as:
- extra character error:
buckxedinstead ofbucked; - character omission error:
matressinstead ofmattress; - character swap error: “
A broker erroneousyl placed an order for more than $600 bn of stock." - character substitution error: “
A broker erroneously placed an order for more then $600 bn of stock.” - character duplication error: “
Fat-finger errors are a product of the electronic electronic processing.” - OrthEC(“
Weres th eeror?”) ⇒ “Where's the error?”. - OrthEC(“
iliked yester days weaather.”) ⇒ “I liked yesterday's wea”.ather. - OrthEC(“
I visitted Tokyo on Nov 2003.:)”) ⇒ “I visi”.tted Tokyo on Nov 2003.:) - OrthEC(“
Kan yu reed dis massage despiet thehorible sppelingm sitakes?”) ⇒ “Can you read this message despite the horrible sp”.pelling mistakes?
- extra character error:
- ones created by a Speech-to-Text (ASR) System.
- ones often created by a Image-to-Text (OCR) System.
- …
- a Character-level Error such as:
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: WikiText Error, Typing, Type-Setting, Typography, Optical Character Recognition System, Speech Recognition.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthography Retrieved:2020-2-9.
- An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language. It includes norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.
Most transnational languages in the modern period have a system of writing, and for most such languages a standard orthography has been developed, often based on a standard variety of the language, and thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language. . Sometimes there may be variation in a language's orthography, as between American and British spelling in the case of English orthography. In some languages orthography is regulated by language academies, although for many languages (including English) there are no such authorities, and orthography develops in a more natural way. Even in the latter languages, a significant amount of consensus arises naturally, although a maximum of consistency or standardization occurs only when prescriptively imposed according to style guides.
- An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language. It includes norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.
2018
- (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/typographical_error Retrieved:2018-9-18.
- A typographical error (often shortened to typo), also called misprint, is a mistake made in the typing process (such as a spelling mistake)[1] of printed material. Historically, this referred to mistakes in manual type-setting (typography). The term includes errors due to mechanical failure or slips of the hand or finger,[2] but excludes errors of ignorance, such as spelling errors, or the flip-flopping of words such as "than" and "then". Before the arrival of printing, the "copyist's mistake" or "scribal error" was the equivalent for manuscripts. Most typos involve simple duplication, omission, transposition, or substitution of a small number of characters.
Fat finger, or "fat finger syndrome", a slang term, refers to an unwanted secondary action when typing. When one's finger is bigger than the touch zone, there can be inaccuracy in the fine motor movements and accidents occur. This is common with touchscreens. One may hit two adjacent keys on the keyboard in a single keystroke. An example is "buckled" instead of "bucked", due to the "L" key being next to the "K" key on the QWERTY keyboard, the most common keyboard for Latin-script alphabets.
- A typographical error (often shortened to typo), also called misprint, is a mistake made in the typing process (such as a spelling mistake)[1] of printed material. Historically, this referred to mistakes in manual type-setting (typography). The term includes errors due to mechanical failure or slips of the hand or finger,[2] but excludes errors of ignorance, such as spelling errors, or the flip-flopping of words such as "than" and "then". Before the arrival of printing, the "copyist's mistake" or "scribal error" was the equivalent for manuscripts. Most typos involve simple duplication, omission, transposition, or substitution of a small number of characters.
- ↑ "Typo - Definition". Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
- ↑ "Wordnet definition". Wordnet. Princeton University. Retrieved 2007-11-12
2012
- (Besner, 2012) ⇒ Derek Besner. (2012). “Does the Reading System Need a Lexicon?. ” In: Comprehension processes in reading, pp. 95-122 . Routledge,
- QUOTE: … There are two error scores: the orthographic error score and the phonological error score. The orthographic error score represents how closely the pattern of activation produced over the orthographic units. …----