National Culture

A National Culture is a culture of a nation state.

• Context:
  • It can include National Values, National Norms, National Systems, symbols, language, assumptions, environment, location, beliefs, and habits.
  • It can influence the identity of a nation and shape its social structures and institutions.
  • It can be impacted by historical events, geographic factors, and interactions with other cultures.
  • It can manifest in various forms such as national holidays, traditions, cuisine, and arts.
  • It can be reflected in the nation's legal systems, education, and politics.
  • It can create a sense of belonging and identity among the citizens.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Western National Cultures (Western cultures), such as: American culture, British culture, French culture, German culture, ...
  • East Asian National Cultures (South Asian cultures), such as: Chinese culture, Japanese culture, Korean culture, ...
  • South Asian National Cultures (South Asian cultures), such as: Indian culture, Pakistani culture, Bangladeshi culture, ...
  • Latin American Cultures (Latin American cultures), such as: Mexican culture, Brazilian culture, Argentinian culture, Venezuelan culture, ...
  • African National Cultures (African cultures), such as: Nigerian culture, South African culture, Ethiopian culture, Tanzanian culture, ...
  • Middle Eastern National Cultures (Middle Eastern cultures), such as: Saudi Arabian culture, Iranian culture, Israeli culture, ...
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Global Culture.
  • Regional Cultures, such as: European culture, Asian culture, African culture.
  • Subcultures: Hip Hop culture, LGBTQ+ culture, Gamer culture, Food culture.
  • Organizational Cultures, such as: Google's culture, PlayStation Org. culture, VigLink culture, Medable culture, LegalOn culture, ...
  • Neighborhood Culture, such as: Hayes Valley culture, West Vancouver culture, ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Global Culture.
  • Neighborhood Culture.
• See: Western Culture, Organizational Culture, American Culture.

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References

2024

• Perplexity
  • National culture refers to the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or society from another.[1] It encompasses the shared values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors that shape how people in a particular nation or region perceive and interact with the world around them.
  • Geert Hofstede, a pioneering researcher in the field of cross-cultural studies, developed a framework to analyze national cultures based on six dimensions:
    1. **Individualism vs. Collectivism**: This dimension reflects the degree to which people prioritize individual goals and interests over those of the group or society.
    2. **Power Distance**: This dimension measures the extent to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect unequal power distribution.
    3. **Uncertainty Avoidance**: This dimension represents a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty, and its reliance on established norms and rules.
    4. **Masculinity vs. Femininity**: This dimension relates to the distribution of values associated with masculinity (e.g., assertiveness, competitiveness) and femininity (e.g., nurturing, cooperation) in a society.
    5. **Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation**: This dimension reflects a society's time horizon, with long-term orientation valuing perseverance and thrift, while short-term orientation prioritizes quick results and immediate gratification.
    6. **Indulgence vs. Restraint**: This dimension measures the extent to which a society allows or suppresses the gratification of basic human desires related to enjoying life and having fun.[1][3]
  • National culture plays a crucial role in shaping organizational cultures, consumer behavior, and international business practices. Understanding cultural differences is essential for effective intercultural management, as it helps overcome cultural blind spots, prevent misunderstandings, and foster better communication and collaboration across diverse teams and markets.[4]
  • While national culture provides a broad framework for understanding societal values and norms, it is important to recognize that organizational cultures can deviate from national cultures due to factors such as leadership, industry norms, and globalization.[5] Additionally, individual values and behaviors may not always align perfectly with national cultural tendencies, as personal experiences and other influences can shape individual perspectives and preferences.[2]
  • Citations:

[1] https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/INMR-09-2020-0121/full/html
[2] https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02651330110381970/full/html
[3] https://www.hofstede-insights.com/intercultural-management
[4] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/core-our-differences-eight-national-cultural-values-when-menzies
[5] https://harbert.auburn.edu/binaries/documents/center-for-ethical-organizational-cultures/debate_issues/culture.pdf 

2020

• (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture Retrieved:2020-8-5.
  • … The organizational culture influences the way people interact, the context within which knowledge is created, the resistance they will have towards certain changes, and ultimately the way they share (or the way they do not share) knowledge. Organizational culture represents the collective values, beliefs and principles of organizational members. It may also be influenced by factors such as history, type of product, market, technology, strategy, type of employees, management style, and national culture. Culture includes the organization's vision, values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, environment, location, beliefs and habits..

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