Organism
An Organism is a Physical Living System (that embodies properties of life).
- Context:
- It can (typically) contain Biological Entitys through organism cells.
- It can (typically) experience Life Span through birth date and death date.
- It can (typically) inherit from Parent Organism through biological reproduction.
- It can (typically) maintain Metabolism through biological process.
- ...
- It can (often) require Environmental Adaptation through survival mechanism.
- It can (often) undergo Growth Process through developmental stage.
- It can (often) perform Biological Functions through cellular activity.
- ...
- It can range from being a Living Organism to being a Comatose Organism to being a Dead Organism, depending on its life state.
- It can range from being a Healthy Organism to being a Unhealthy Organism, depending on its health condition.
- It can range from being a Unicellular Organism to being a Multicellular Organism, depending on its cellular complexity.
- It can range from being a Self-Sufficient Organism to being a Dependent Organism, depending on its survival capability.
- It can range from being a Unsentient Organism to being a Sentient Organism, depending on its consciousness level.
- ...
- It can be a member of an Organism Class through taxonomic classification.
- It can be the Referent to an Organism Mention or an Organism Record.
- It can Create other Organism Children through procreation.
- It can adjust to its Environment through adaptive response.
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- Example(s):
- Prokaryotic Organisms, such as:
- Bacterial Species, such as:
- Eukaryotic Organisms, such as:
- Unicellular Eukaryotes, such as:
- Saccharomyces Cerevisiae used in fermentation.
- Multicellular Eukaryotes, such as:
- Unicellular Eukaryotes, such as:
- ...
- Prokaryotic Organisms, such as:
- Counter-Example(s):
- Electron, which is a subatomic particle rather than living system.
- Virus, which lacks independent metabolism.
- Computer Program, which is artificial system rather than biological entity.
- See: Life, Tree of Life, NCBI Taxonomy Database, Biology, Living System.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/organism Retrieved:2020-5-14.
- In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. It is a synonym for “life form".
Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli. Humans, squids, mushrooms, and vascular plants are examples of multicellular organisms that differentiate specialized tissues and organs during development. An organism may be either a prokaryote or a eukaryote. Prokaryotes are represented by two separate domains – bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 2 million to 1 trillion, of which over 1.7 million have been documented. More than 99% of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived are estimated to be extinct. In 2016, a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms was identified.
- In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. It is a synonym for “life form".
2020
- https://theguardian.com/science/2020/may/14/live-fast-die-young-study-reveals-why-some-birds-mature-quicker
- QUOTE: ... All organisms face a trade-off between reproducing and surviving and have adapted to solve this problem in different ways. The team found bird species with a “live fast, die young” strategy develop quicker, allowing them to maximise the number of offspring they can produce in the short time they have available.
Dr Chris Cooney, the study’s lead author, said: “The amount of time it takes for a fertilised egg to develop into a fully grown adult varies hugely across the animal kingdom. For instance, it takes an elephant almost 10 years to reach independence, whereas a fruit fly is fully grown after only a matter of days.
“This extraordinary diversity is also encapsulated within birds, where albatrosses can take almost a year to develop from an embryo to an independent adult, but a typical UK garden songbird takes little more than a month. We found that certain aspects of a species’ lifestyle and environment are important in explaining how long they take to develop.”
- QUOTE: ... All organisms face a trade-off between reproducing and surviving and have adapted to solve this problem in different ways. The team found bird species with a “live fast, die young” strategy develop quicker, allowing them to maximise the number of offspring they can produce in the short time they have available.