Double-Blinded Clinical Trial

AKA: Double-Blinded Experiment, Double-Blind Study, Double-Masked Clinical Trial, Double-Blind Masking.
Context:
- It is a Randomized Controlled Experiment in which neither the Controlled Experiment Cases nor the Experiment Performer are aware of Case membership.
Example(s):
Counter-Example(s):
See: Unblinding Clinical Trial Task, Clinical Trial Design, Treatment Group, Control Group, Confirmation Bias, Medical Bias, Clinical Trial Protocol, Good Clinical Practice.

References

(Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinded_experiment#Terminology Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- In medical research, the terms single-blind, double-blind and triple-blind are commonly used to describe blinding. These terms describe experiments in which (respectively) one, two, or three parties are blinded to some information. Most often, single-blind studies blind patients to their treatment allocation, double-blind studies blind both patients and researchers to treatment allocations, and triple-blinded studies blind patients, researcher, and some other third party (such as a monitoring committee) to treatment allocations. However, the meaning of these terms can vary from study to study.^[1]
  CONSORT guidelines state that these terms should no longer be used because they are ambiguous. For instance, "double-blind" could mean that the data analysts and patients were blinded; or the patients and outcome assessors were blinded; or the patients and people offering the intervention were blinded, etc. The terms also fail to convey the information that was masked and the amount of unblinding that occurred. It is not sufficient to specify the number of parties that have been blinded. To describe an experiment's blinding, it is necessary to report who has been blinded to what information, and how well each blind succeeded.

↑ Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Altman DG (February 2002). “The landscape and lexicon of blinding in randomized trials". Annals of Internal Medicine. 136 (3): 254–9. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022. PMID 11827510. S2CID 34932997.

(Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- QUOTE: Blind
  - A randomized trial is "Blind" if the participant is not told which arm of the trial he is on. A clinical trial is "Blind" if participants are unaware on whether they are in the experimental or control arm of the study; also called masked. (NLM)
  - A procedure in which one or more parties to the trial are kept unaware of the treatment assignment(s). Single blinding usually refers to the subject(s) being unaware, and double blinding usually refers to the subject(s), investigator(s), monitor, and, in some cases, data analyst(s) being unaware of the treatment assignment(s). (ICH E6)

(NCI, 2021) ⇒ https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/blinded-study Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- QUOTE: double-blind study
  - A type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the researcher knows which treatment or intervention participants are receiving until the clinical trial is over. This makes results of the study less likely to be biased. This means that the results are less likely to be affected by factors that are not related to the treatment or intervention being tested.

(HIV, 2021) ⇒ https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/double-blind-study Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- QUOTE: Double-Blind Study
  - Synonym(s): Double-Masked Study.
    - A type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the research team know which treatment a specific participant is receiving. This helps prevent bias or expectations from influencing the results of the study.

(Stat. Intro, 2012) ⇒ http://www.introductorystatistics.com/escout/main/Glossary.htm
- QUOTE: double-blind study: A study in which neither the subjects nor the expert conducting the study knows who has received the treatment and who has received the placebo.