Vietnam/Dai Viet/Annam (939-present)

A Vietnam/Dai Viet/Annam (939-present) is a Southeast Asian Indochinese state located between 8° N and 23° N latitude.

• Context:
  • It can (typically) have a Vietnamese Population (with languages including Vietnamese and over fifty ethnic languages).
  • It can (typically) be influenced by the Red River and Mekong Delta system.
  • It can (often) maintain Traditional Vietnamese Architecture in its temples, pagodas, and other historic structures.
  • It can (often) showcase Vietnamese Culture through its institutions and traditions.
  • It can (often) include Vietnamese Regions such as Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam, and Southern Vietnam.
  • It can (often) experience Development Challenges including climate change, environmental issues, and economic reform.
  • ...
  • It can serve as a Socialist State with one-party system (after 1976).
  • It can feature Economic Development including market reforms, industrialization, and export economy (after 1986).
  • It can function as a Regional Power with ASEAN membership, international trade, and rapid growth (after 1995).
  • It can maintain communist governance under Communist Party of Vietnam (after 1976).
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Vietnam (939), gaining independence from Imperial China.
  • Dai Viet (1010), establishment of capital at Thang Long (Hanoi).
  • Vietnam (1428), Le Dynasty expels Ming Dynasty occupation.
  • Vietnam (1802), Nguyen Dynasty unifies country.
  • Vietnam (1858), beginning of French colonization.
  • Vietnam (1945), independence declaration under Ho Chi Minh.
  • Vietnam (1954), partition into North and South at Geneva Conference.
  • Vietnam (1976), reunification as Socialist Republic.
  • Vietnam (1986), launching Doi Moi economic reforms.
  • Vietnam (1995), joining ASEAN.
  • Vietnam (2007), joining World Trade Organization.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • China, northern neighbor with different scale and influence.
  • Thailand, mainland state with different political system.
  • Philippines, maritime state with different colonial experience.
  • Malaysia, Southeast Asian state with different economic model.
  • Taiwan, East Asian state with different development path.
• See: Socialist State, Tiến Quân Ca, ASEAN, Vietnamese Language, Communist Party, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City.

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References

2016

• (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam Retrieved:2016-12-22.
  • Vietnam is a multiethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government), each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage.

2016

• (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam Retrieved:2016-12-19.
  • Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV ; ()), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Malaysia across the South China Sea to the southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1975. Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. An independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War. The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975. Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished and politically isolated. In 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began Vietnam's path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established diplomatic relations with all nations. Since 2000, Vietnam's economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world, and, in 2011, it had the highest Global Growth Generators Index among 11 major economies. Its successful economic reforms resulted in its joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. It is also a historical member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Vietnam remains one of the world's four remaining one-party socialist states officially espousing communism.

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