Malaysia/Malaya (1948-present)
A Malaysia/Malaya (1948-present) is a Southeast Asian federal state located between 1° N and 7° N latitude.
- Context:
- It can (typically) have a Malaysian Population (with languages including Malay, Chinese Languages, Tamil, and various indigenous languages).
- It can (typically) be influenced by the Straits of Malacca and South China Sea system.
- It can (often) maintain Traditional Malay Architecture in its palaces, mosques, and other historic structures.
- It can (often) showcase Malaysian Culture through its multiethnic heritage and traditions.
- It can (often) include Malaysian Regions such as Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak.
- It can (often) experience Federal Challenges including ethnic relations, religious harmony, and regional development.
- ...
- It can serve as a Constitutional Monarchy with elective kingship system (after 1957).
- It can feature Economic Development including industrialization, oil revenue, and Islamic finance (after 1970).
- It can function as a Regional Power with ASEAN leadership, industrial base, and economic growth (after 1967).
- It can maintain parliamentary democracy under Westminster system (after 1957).
- ...
- Example(s):
- Malaya (1948), formation of Federation of Malaya.
- Malaya (1957), gaining independence from British Empire.
- Malaysia (1963), formation including Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore.
- Malaysia (1965), separation of Singapore.
- Malaysia (1969), racial riots lead to New Economic Policy.
- Malaysia (1981), beginning of Mahathir era modernization.
- Malaysia (1997), facing Asian Financial Crisis.
- Malaysia (2003), end of Mahathir's first tenure.
- Malaysia (2018), first opposition victory in general election.
- Malaysia (2020), political transition during pandemic.
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- Indonesia, archipelagic state with different governance system.
- Thailand, unitary state with different monarchy system.
- Singapore, city-state with different development model.
- Philippines, island nation with different colonial heritage.
- Brunei, sultanate with different political structure.
- See: Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Malaysian Parliament, Bumiputera Policy, Vision 2020.
References
2019
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Retrieved:2019-11-25.
- Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the world's 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to large numbers of endemic species.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language. After independence, the Malaysian GDP grew at an average of 6.5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third-largest in Southeast Asia and 33rd largest in the world. It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Non-Aligned Movement.
- Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the world's 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to large numbers of endemic species.