Tribal/Ethnic Group
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A Tribal/Ethnic Group is a human social group with a high score on a tribal society measure (with a common ancestry and language, a shared tribal cultural tradition and tribal historical tradition, and an identifiable territory).
- Context:
- It can (typically) speak a Tribal Language.
- It can (typically) be composed of many Tribal Bands.
- It can (typically) be larger than a Clan.
- It can (typically) be smaller than a Chiefdom.
- …
- Example(s):
- an Asaro Tribal Ethnic Group (e.g. in New Guinea Island during 1800s).
- a Yanomani Tribal Ethnic Group, of Yanomamis (e.g. living near the Auari River in present day).
- a Masai Tribal Ethnic Group (e.g. in Central Eastern Africa during the 1600s).
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- a Band-level Society.
- a Chiefdom-based Society, such as a Hawai'ian Chiefdom or a Kwakwakaʼwakw Chiefdom.
- a State-based Society.
- See: State (Polity), Clan, Kinship, Ethnic Group, Nation.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tribe Retrieved:2020-12-7.
- The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant usage of the term is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflicting theoretical understandings of social and kinship structures, and also reflecting the problematic application of this concept to extremely diverse human societies. The concept is often contrasted by anthropologists with other social and kinship groups, being hierarchically larger than a lineage or clan, but smaller than a chiefdom, nation or state. These terms are equally disputed. In some cases tribes have legal recognition and some degree of political autonomy from national or federal government, but this legalistic usage of the term may conflict with anthropological definitions.
2020
- https://www.britannica.com/topic/tribe-anthropology
- QUOTE: Tribe, in anthropology, a notional form of human social organization based on a set of smaller groups (known as bands), having temporary or permanent political integration, and defined by traditions of common descent, language, culture, and ideology. ... As an anthropological term, the word tribe fell out of favour in the latter part of the 20th century. Some anthropologists rejected the term itself, on the grounds that it could not be precisely defined. Others objected to the negative connotations that the word acquired in the colonial context. Scholars of Africa, in particular, felt that it was pejorative as well as inaccurate. Thus, many anthropologists replaced it with the designation ethnic group, usually defined as a group of people with a common ancestry and language, a shared cultural and historical tradition, and an identifiable territory. ...
2019
- https://www.rainforestcruises.com/jungle-blog/how-do-indigenous-tribes-live-in-the-amazon-rainforest
- QUOTE ... Tribal peoples houses are generally communal structures made from wood, bamboo and straw. Sometimes these round huts can accommodate up to 400 people! Each family has their own fire within these structures, and hammocks strung up around it. In the center there is an area that is used for feasts and displays. Tribes normally make decisions communally, holding huge discussions where everyone is allowed a voice. ...
2019
- https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/papuan
- QUOTE: ... West Papua (made up of the two provinces of Papua and West Papua) is the western half of the island of New Guinea and is distinct from the independent country of Papua New Guinea. It is home to around 312 different tribes, including some uncontacted peoples. The central mountainous region of Papua is home to the highland peoples, who practice pig husbandry and sweet potato cultivation. ...
... All the Papuan peoples have suffered greatly under the Indonesian occupation which began in 1963. The Indonesian army has a long history of human rights violations against the Papuans, and the racist Indonesian soldiers generally view the Papuan people with racist disdain. ...
- QUOTE: ... West Papua (made up of the two provinces of Papua and West Papua) is the western half of the island of New Guinea and is distinct from the independent country of Papua New Guinea. It is home to around 312 different tribes, including some uncontacted peoples. The central mountainous region of Papua is home to the highland peoples, who practice pig husbandry and sweet potato cultivation. ...
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tribe Retrieved:2014-10-18.
- A tribe is viewed, historically or developmentally, as a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states. Many people used the term "tribal society" to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of social, especially familial, descent groups (see clan and kinship). A customary tribe in these terms is a face-to-face community, relatively bound by kinship relations, reciprocal exchange, and strong ties to place. "Tribe" is a contested term due to its roots in colonialism. The word has no shared referent, whether in political form, kinship relations, or shared culture. Some argue that it conveys a negative connotation of a timeless unchanging past. To avoid these implications, some have chosen to use the terms “ethnic group", or nation instead.
In some places, such as North America and India, tribes are polities that have been granted legal recognition and limited autonomy by the state.
- A tribe is viewed, historically or developmentally, as a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states. Many people used the term "tribal society" to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of social, especially familial, descent groups (see clan and kinship). A customary tribe in these terms is a face-to-face community, relatively bound by kinship relations, reciprocal exchange, and strong ties to place. "Tribe" is a contested term due to its roots in colonialism. The word has no shared referent, whether in political form, kinship relations, or shared culture. Some argue that it conveys a negative connotation of a timeless unchanging past. To avoid these implications, some have chosen to use the terms “ethnic group", or nation instead.