Transmissible Disease

A Transmissible Disease is a disease that involves for infection events (of pathogens from an infected individual to another infected individual).

• AKA: Communicable Disease.
• Context:
  • It can range from being a Human Communicable Disease to being an Animal Communicable Disease (such as a domesticated animal communicable disease).
  • It can be analyzed by a Infectious Disease Modeling Task.
  • It can range from being a Transmissible Prokaryote Disease to being a Transmissible Animal Disease to being a Transmissible Animal Disease.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • a Viral Disease.
  • an Directly Transmissible Disease, such as COVID-19, Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Measles, ...
  • a Indirectly-Transmissible Disease, such as Malaria, Typhoid, Lyme's Disease, ...
  • Plague Diseases, such as ...
  • ...
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Noncommunicable Disease.
• See: Contagious Disease Contagious Infectious Disease, Contagious Non-infectious disease, Non-contagious Disease, Toxin, Sporozoite, Midgut, Epithelia.

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References

2018a

• (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection Retrieved:2018-7-29.
  • Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting from an infection. Infections are caused by infectious agents including viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, arthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as ringworm, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms and other helminths. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics. Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious disease.

2020b

• (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/transmission_(medicine) Retrieved:2020-3-22.
  • In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.

    The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means:

    • airborne – coughing, sneezing, breathing.**airborne infection – really small dry and wet particles that stay in the air for long periods of time allowing airborne contamination even after the departure of the host. Particle size < 5 μm.
      • droplet infection – small and usually wet particles that stay in the air for a short period of time. Contamination usually occurs in the presence of the host. Particle size > 5 μm.
    • direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact
    • indirect physical contact – usually by touching a contaminated surface, including soil (fomite)
    • fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.
  • Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles. Transmissions can be autochthonous (i.e. between two individuals in the same place) or may involve travel of the microorganism or the affected hosts.

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