Transmissible Disease

A Transmissible Disease is a disease that involves infection events (of pathogens from an infected individual to another infected individual).

• AKA: Communicable Disease, Infectious Disease.
• Context:
  • It can (typically) propagate through vector transmission via disease vectors.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Human Communicable Disease to being an Animal Communicable Disease, depending on its host species.
  • It can range from being a Directly Transmissible Disease to being an Indirectly Transmissible Disease, depending on its transmission mode.
  • It can range from being a Bacterial Transmissible Disease to being a Viral Transmissible Disease to being a Parasitic Transmissible Disease, depending on its pathogen type.
  • ...
  • It can be analyzed by Infectious Disease Modeling Task through epidemiological study.
  • It can require Infection Control Protocol through preventive guidelines.
  • It can involve Disease Outbreak Management through public health intervention.
  • It can be spread through airborne transmission via respiratory droplets.
  • It can transmit through direct contact via physical interaction.
  • It can transfer via indirect contact through contaminated surfaces.
  • It can spread through fecal-oral transmission via contaminated food or water sources.
  • It can require infection control through preventive measures.
  • It can need disease surveillance through public health monitoring.
  • ...
• Examples:
  • Direct Transmission Diseases, such as:
    • Respiratory Diseases, such as:
      • COVID-19 spread through respiratory droplets.
      • Influenza transmitted via airborne particles.
    • Contact Diseases, such as:
      • HIV/AIDS spread through bodily fluids.
      • Measles transmitted through direct contact.
  • Indirect Transmission Diseases, such as:
    • Vector-Borne Diseases, such as:
      • Malaria transmitted by mosquito vectors.
      • Lyme Disease spread by tick vectors.
    • Food/Water-Borne Diseases, such as:
      • Typhoid spread through contaminated water.
      • Cholera transmitted via contaminated food.
  • ...
• Counter-Examples:
  • Non-Communicable Disease, which does not spread between individuals.
  • Genetic Disease, which is inherited rather than transmitted.
  • Autoimmune Disease, which develops internally rather than through transmission.
• See: Infectious Disease, Disease Transmission, Pathogen, Epidemiology, Public Health.

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References

2018a

• (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection Retrieved:2018-7-29.
  • Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting from an infection. Infections are caused by infectious agents including viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, arthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as ringworm, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms and other helminths. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics. Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious disease.

2020b

• (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/transmission_(medicine) Retrieved:2020-3-22.
  • In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.

    The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means:

    • airborne – coughing, sneezing, breathing.**airborne infection – really small dry and wet particles that stay in the air for long periods of time allowing airborne contamination even after the departure of the host. Particle size < 5 μm.
      • droplet infection – small and usually wet particles that stay in the air for a short period of time. Contamination usually occurs in the presence of the host. Particle size > 5 μm.
    • direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact
    • indirect physical contact – usually by touching a contaminated surface, including soil (fomite)
    • fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.
  • Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles. Transmissions can be autochthonous (i.e. between two individuals in the same place) or may involve travel of the microorganism or the affected hosts.

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