Tokyo/Edo City (1180-present)

A Tokyo/Edo City (1180-present) is a Japanese city.

• Context:
  • It can host Japanese Government Offices, including: the Japanese Prime Minister's Office and the Japanase National Diet.
  • It can be a Global Financial Center (hosting the Tokyo Stock Exchange and numerous multinational corporations).
  • It can host Japanes Cultural Institutions such as the Tokyo National Museum, Ueno Zoo, and the Tokyo Tower.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Edo, 1180, when it was established as a fortified outpost by the Edo clan.
  • Edo, 1457, when Ota Dokan built Edo Castle.
  • Edo, 1603, when it became the de facto capital under the Tokugawa shogunate's rule.
  • Edo, 1657, when the Great Fire of Meireki destroyed much of Edo.
  • Tokyo, 1868, when it was renamed "Tōkyō".
  • Tokyo, 1923, when the Great Kanto Earthquake struck.
  • Tokyo, 1945, when it was heavily bombed during World War II.
  • Tokyo, 1964, when it hosted the Summer Olympics.
  • Tokyo, 2011, when it was affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
  • Tokyo, 2024, when ...
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Kyoto City, Japan's historical capital before the Meiji Restoration.
  • Osaka City, another major economic center in Japan but with a distinct cultural and commercial identity.
  • New York City.
• See: Edo Period, Meiji Restoration, Capital of Japan, Global Liveability Ranking, Prefectures of Japan, Nishi-Shinjuku, Mount Fuji, Tokyo Tower, National Diet Building, Tokyo Station, Tokyo Imperial Palace, Shibuya Crossing, Tokyo Skytree, Rainbow Bridge (Tokyo).

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References

2024

• (Wikipedia, 2024) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo Retrieved:2024-6-22.
  • Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital city of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and parts of six neighbouring prefectures, is the most-populous metropolitan area in the world, with 40.8 million residents . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards (which formerly made up Tokyo City), various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world recognising Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Notable special wards in Tokyo include Chiyoda, the site of the National Diet Building and the Tokyo Imperial Palace, Shinjuku, the city's administrative center, and Shibuya, a commercial, cultural, and business hub in the city. Before the 17th century, Tokyo, then known as Edo, was mainly a fishing village. It gained political prominence in 1603 when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo was among the world's largest cities, with over a million residents. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo (). In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kantō earthquake, and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II. Beginning in the late 1940s, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world at the time behind that of the United States. , the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500. In the 20th and 21st centuries, Tokyo became the first city in Asia to host the Summer Olympics and Paralympics in 1964, and again in 2021, and it also hosted three G7 summits in 1979, 1986, and 1993. Tokyo is an international research and development hub and an academic center with several major universities, including the University of Tokyo, the top-ranking university in the country. Tokyo Station is the central hub for the Shinkansen, Japan's high-speed railway network, and Shinjuku Station in Tokyo is the world's busiest train station. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927, is the oldest underground metro line in Asia–Pacific. Tokyo's nominal gross domestic output was 113.7 trillion yen or US$1.04 trillion in FY2021 and accounted for 20.7% of the country's total economic output, which converts to 8.07 million yen or US$73,820 per capita. Including the Greater Tokyo Area, Tokyo is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.08 trillion. Although Tokyo's status as a leading global financial hub has diminished with the Lost Decades since the 1990s, when the Tokyo Stock Exchange was the world's largest, with a market capitalisation about 1.5 times that of the NYSE, the city is still a large financial hub, and the TSE remains among the world's top five major stock exchanges. Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city is also recognized as one of the world's most livable ones; it was ranked fourth in the world in Global Livability Ranking, published in 2021.

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