Theory of Mind (ToM) Measure
A Theory of Mind (ToM) Measure is a cognitive measure that quantitatively assesses an individual's ability to understand and attribute mental states to themselves and others.
- Context:
- It can (typically) be derived from performance on Theory of Mind Tasks.
- It can be used to compare the performance of individuals or groups in terms of their ability to attribute mental states accurately.
- It can be used to track the development or improvement of ToM Abilities over time.
- It can be used to identify Difficulties in Social Cognition associated with various disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder.
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- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Social Cognition.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind Retrieved:2023-5-11.
- {{</ref> Having a theory of mind is similar to but not identical with having the capacity for empathy or for sympathy.
Theory of mind develops throughout childhood as the prefrontal cortex develops. The violation-of-expectation procedure uses infants' tendency to look longer at unexpected and surprising events. Most typically developing children are able to pass the False-belief task from around age four. Children from Iran and China in a culture of collectivism develop knowledge access earlier and understand diverse beliefs later than Western children in a culture of individualism.[1]
Neuroimaging shows brain regions engaged during theory of mind include the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and area around posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and sometimes precuneus and amygdala/temporopolar cortex. Patients with frontal lobe or temporoparietal junction lesions find some theory of mind tasks difficult.
Many researchers focus on animals' understanding of intention, gaze, perspective, or knowledge. A study showed orangutans and chimpanzees understood the difference between accidental and intentional acts. William Field and Sue Savage-Rumbaugh believe that bonobos have developed theory of mind.
Theory of mind is distinct from philosophy of mind, which is about the basic nature of the mind and how the brain enables it.
- {{</ref> Having a theory of mind is similar to but not identical with having the capacity for empathy or for sympathy.
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2023
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- Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive ability to understand and attribute mental states, such as beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions, to oneself and others. This ability allows individuals to predict and interpret the behavior of others based on the inferred mental states. ToM is a crucial aspect of social cognition and is essential for effective social interaction and communication.
- . ToM Task: A ToM task is a test or an experimental procedure designed to assess an individual's ability to understand and attribute mental states to themselves and others. These tasks often involve participants interpreting stories, animations, or images that require them to recognize the mental states of the characters involved. Common ToM tasks include the False Belief Task, the Sally-Anne Task, and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The tasks can vary in complexity and can be used to assess ToM abilities in children, adults, and individuals with neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders.
- . ToM Measure: A ToM measure is a quantitative assessment derived from the performance of individuals on one or more ToM tasks. The measure typically provides a score that reflects the individual's ability to attribute mental states accurately. ToM measures can be used to compare the performance of individuals or groups and to track the development or improvement of ToM abilities over time. They can also be used to identify difficulties in social cognition associated with various disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder.
- Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive ability to understand and attribute mental states, such as beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions, to oneself and others. This ability allows individuals to predict and interpret the behavior of others based on the inferred mental states. ToM is a crucial aspect of social cognition and is essential for effective social interaction and communication.
2023
- (Bubeck et al., 2023) ⇒ Sébastien Bubeck, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li, Scott Lundberg, Harsha Nori, Hamid Palangi, Marco Tulio Ribeiro, and Yi Zhang. (2023). “Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early Experiments with GPT-4.” In: arXiv:2303.12712 [cs.CL]
- QUOTE: ... Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states such as beliefs, emotions, desires, intentions, and knowledge to oneself and others, and to understand how they affect behavior and communication [Wel92]. ...