Text Capitalization Task

A Word Capitalization Task is a written text transformation task that updates letter casing.

• Context:
  • It can range from being a Word-Capitalization Task to being a Phrase-Capitalization Task.
• Example(s):
  • ALL-CAPS.
  • Title Casing.
  • Sentence Casing.
  • Lower-Casing.
• See: Market Capitalization, Capital Letter, Grapheme, Letter Case, Choice of Case in Text, Orthography.

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References

2016

• (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ http://wikipedia.org/wiki/capitalization Retrieved:2016-2-5.
  • Capitalization (or capitalisation) is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter (upper-case letter) and the remaining letters in lower case in writing systems with a case distinction. The term is also used for the choice of case in text.

    Conventional writing systems (orthographies) for different languages have different conventions for capitalization.

    The systematic use of capitalized and uncapitalized words in running text is called "mixed case". Conventions for the capitalization of titles and other classes of words vary between languages and, to a lesser extent, between different style guides.

    In some written languages, it is not obvious what is meant by the "first letter": for example, the South-Slavic digraph 'lj' is considered as a single letter for the purpose of alphabetical ordering (a situation that occurs in many other languages) and can be represented by a single Unicode character, but at the start of a word it is written 'Lj': only the L is capitalized. In contrast, in Dutch, when a word starts with the digraph 'ij', capitalization is applied to both letters, such as in the name of the city of IJmuiden. There is a single Unicode character that combines the two letters, but it is generally not used.

• (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Stylistic_or_specialised_usage Retrieved:2016-2-5.
  • In English, a variety of case styles are used in various circumstances:
    • Sentence case : “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
      The standard case used in English prose. Only the first character is capitalised, except for proper nouns and other words which are generally capitalised by a more specific rule. Generally equivalent to the baseline universal standard of formal English orthography mentioned above.
    • Title case : "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over the Lazy Dog." or
      "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog."
      Also known as "headline style" and "capital case". First character in all words capitalised, except for certain subsets defined by rules that are not universally standardised. The standardisation is only at the level of house styles and individual style manuals. (See further explanation below at Headings and publication titles.) A simplified variant is start case, where all words, including articles, prepositions, and conjunctions, start with a capital letter.
    • All caps : "THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG."
      Also known/written as "all-caps". Capital letters only. This style can be used in headings and special situations, such as for typographical emphasis in text made on a typewriter. With the advent of the Internet, all-caps is more often used for emphasis; however, it is considered poor netiquette by some to type in all capitals, and said to be tantamount to shouting. Long spans of Latin-alphabet text in all upper-case are harder to read because of the absence of the ascenders and descenders found in lower-case letters, which can aid recognition.
    • Small caps : "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
      Capital letters at the size of a lowercase "x". Slightly larger small-caps can be used in a Mixed Case fashion. Used for acronyms, names, mathematical entities, computer commands in printed text, business or personal printed stationery letterheads, and other situations where a given phrase needs to be distinguished from the main text.
    • Lowercase : "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
      No capital letters. This style is sometimes used for artistic effect, such as in poetry. Also commonly seen in computer commands and SMS language, to avoid pressing the Shift key in order to type quickly.^{[citation needed]}

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