Strategic Reader
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A Strategic Reader is an Active Reader with a Strategic Reading Capability.
- See: Passive Reader, Good Reader.
References
1997
- http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/st_read0.html
- Reading is a process of constructing meaning by interacting with text; as individuals read, they use their prior knowledge along with clues from the text to construct meaning. Research indicates that effective or expert readers are strategic (Baker & Brown, 1984a, 1984b). This means that they have purposes for their reading and adjust their reading to each purpose and for each reading task. Strategic readers use a variety of strategies and skills as they construct meaning (Paris, Wasik, & Turner, 1991).
- http://www.longleaf.net/ggrow/StrategicReader/StratRead.html
- The "information transmission model" that underlies so many discussions of journalism describes readers as receiving and decoding information that arrives through a medium after begin encoded into a message by a sender. Information is moved around like canned goods, packaged by the sender, opened by the receiver. Writers and editors are accustomed to thinking that they way the write something determines its meaning. The new theory emphasizes how readers construct meaning. Notes 36 - 37
- In the new view, readers are far more active and unpredictable. They make decisions about what to read, how to read it, how to think about what they read, what to remember, what other information to remember it with. They bring context, approach, bias, and personal experiences to what they read. They interpret, they skip, they misread, they misunderstand, they understand in their own way. Their reading is not reactive but strategic; they read with purpose, meaning, and goals. When the society column mentions that a prominent local family will be going abroad for the summer, that information is read very differently by their friends, by the owner of a lawn maintenance company, and by a burglar.
- Readers are said to use two levels of strategies.
- Cognitive strategies enable the reader to understand written text.
- Metacognitive strategies govern the use of cognitive strategies--enabling one to manage the process of reading.
1991
- (Paris, Wasik, & Turner, 1991) ⇒ S. G. Paris, Wasik, and Turner. “The Development of Strategic Readers.”
1988
- (Duffy et al., 1988) ⇒ Gerald G. Duffy, Laura R. Roehler, and B. A. Herrmann. (1988). “Modeling Mental Processes Helps Poor Readers Become Strategic Readers.” The Reading Teacher, 41, 162-161
1986
- (Afflerbach, 1986) ⇒ P. P. Afflerbach. (1986). “The Influence of Prior Knowledge on Expert Readers' Importance Assignment Processes.” In: J. A. Niles & R. V. Lalik (Eds.), Solving problems in literacy: Learners, teachers, and researchers (Thirty-fifth Yearbook of the National Reading Conference, pp. 30-40). Rochester, NY: National Reading Conference.
1983
- (Paris et al., 1983) ⇒ Scott G. Paris, Marjorie Y. Lipson, and Karen K. Wixson. (1983). “Becoming a Strategic Reader.” In: Contemporary Educational Psychology. Vol 8(3). doi:10.1016/0361-476X(83)90018-8 (Reprinted in R. Ruddell, M. Ruddell, & H. Singer (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading, 1994)
- Aspects of knowledge and motivation that are critical to becoming a strategic reader (one who uses strategies to aid comprehension) are examined. Learning to read strategically is related to children's cognitive development as well as to the social contexts of instruction. Suggestions are offered to promote children's use of strategic reading.