Self-Affirmation Theory
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A Self-Affirmation Theory is a psychological theory that focuses on how individuals adapt to information or experiences that are threatening to their self-concept.
- Context:
- It can posit that individuals are motivated to maintain a Positive Self-View.
- It can suggest that individuals engage in Self-Affirmation Action to restore their sense of self-worth when faced with threats to self-concept.
- It can involve reflecting on personal values, strengths, or accomplishments.
- It can be applied in various fields, including education, health, and social psychology.
- It can be linked to benefits such as reduced stress, improved academic performance, increased resilience, enhanced problem-solving, and better relationships.
- It can be contrasted with defensive responses to self-concept threats, which may involve denial or rationalization.
- ...
- Example(s):
- The one developed by Claude Steele in the late 1980s.
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- Counter-Example(s):
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- See: Social Psychology, Psychology, Self-Concept, Personal Affirmation Statement.
References
2023
- GBard
- A Self-Affirmation Theory is a psychological theory that proposes that individuals are motivated to maintain a positive self-concept, and that when their sense of self is threatened, they will engage in behaviors to restore it. This can include self-affirmation, which involves reflecting on one's values and strengths.
- Self-affirmation theory was developed by Claude Steele in the late 1980s. It has been widely studied and applied in a variety of contexts, including education, health, and social psychology.
- There are three key components to self-affirmation theory:
- Motivational component: Individuals are motivated to maintain a positive self-concept.
- Cognitive component: When individuals experience a threat to their self-concept, they become aware of the discrepancy between their actual self and their ideal self.
- Behavioral component: Individuals engage in behaviors to restore their self-concept, such as self-affirmation.
- Self-affirmation can take many forms, such as:
- Thinking about one's values and strengths
- Engaging in positive self-talk
- Seeking social support
- Practicing self-compassion
- Research has shown that self-affirmation can have a number of benefits, including:
- Reduced anxiety and stress
- Improved academic performance
- Increased resilience in the face of adversity
- Enhanced creativity and problem-solving
- Improved relationships
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-affirmation Retrieved:2023-12-12.
- Self-affirmation theory is a psychological theory that focuses on how individuals adapt to information or experiences that are threatening to their self-concept. Claude Steele originally popularized self-affirmation theory in the late 1980s,[1] [2] and it remains a well-studied theory in social psychological research.[3] [4]
Self-affirmation theory contends that if individuals reflect on values that are personally relevant to them, they are less likely to experience distress and react defensively when confronted with information that contradicts or threatens their sense of self.
Experimental investigations of self-affirmation theory suggest that self-affirmation can help individuals cope with threat or stress and that it might be beneficial for improving academic performance, health, and reducing defensiveness.[5]
- Self-affirmation theory is a psychological theory that focuses on how individuals adapt to information or experiences that are threatening to their self-concept. Claude Steele originally popularized self-affirmation theory in the late 1980s,[1] [2] and it remains a well-studied theory in social psychological research.[3] [4]
- ↑ Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Advances in experimental social psychology, 21, 261-302
- ↑ Cohen, G. L., & Sherman, D. K. (2007). Self-affirmation theory. In R. Baumeister and K. Vohs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Social Psychology (pp. 787-789). Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications
- ↑ Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2006). The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology, 38, pp. 183-242. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
- ↑ McQueen, A., & Klein, W. M. (2006). Experimental manipulations of self-affirmation: A systematic review. Self and Identity, 5(4), 289-354
- ↑ Cohen, G. L., & Sherman, D. K. (2014). The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 333-371