Pulse Oximeter Device

A Pulse Oximeter Device is an blood oxygen saturation measuring device for peripheral oxygen saturation.

• Context:
  • output: SpO2.
  • It can range from being a Home Pulse Oximeter Device to being a Validated Clinical Pulse Oximeter Device.
  • …
• Example(s):
  • a Zacurate Pro Series 500DL Fingertip Pulse Oximeter.
  • a Metene Pulse Oximeter Fingertip, Blood Oxygen Saturation Monitor.
  • a CVS Pulse Oximeter [1].
  • a Fitbit Charge 4.
  • a Masimo MightySat Rx Fingertip Pulse Oximeter.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), as determined by an arterial blood gas test.
  • Venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin returning to the right side of the heart.
  • Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) can be measured by near infrared spectroscopy.
  • …
• See: Blood Oxygen Saturation, Arterial Blood Gas, Absorption Spectroscopy, Arterial Blood.

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References

2022

• (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry#Indication Retrieved:2022-2-3.
  • Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) readings are typically within 2% accuracy (within 4% accuracy in 95% of cases) of the more accurate (and invasive) reading of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) from arterial blood gas analysis. But the two are correlated well enough that the safe, convenient, noninvasive, inexpensive pulse oximetry method is valuable for measuring oxygen saturation in clinical use.

    The most common approach is transmissive pulse oximetry. In this approach, a sensor device is placed on a thin part of the patient's body, usually a fingertip or earlobe, or an infant's foot. Fingertips and earlobes have higher blood flow rates than other tissues, which facilitates heat transfer. The device passes two wavelengths of light through the body part to a photodetector. It measures the changing absorbance at each of the wavelengths, allowing it to determine the absorbances due to the pulsing arterial blood alone, excluding venous blood, skin, bone, muscle, fat, and (in most cases) nail polish. Reflectance pulse oximetry is a less common alternative to transmissive pulse oximetry. This method does not require a thin section of the person's body and is therefore well suited to a universal application such as the feet, forehead, and chest, but it also has some limitations. Vasodilation and pooling of venous blood in the head due to compromised venous return to the heart can cause a combination of arterial and venous pulsations in the forehead region and lead to spurious SpO₂ results. Such conditions occur while undergoing anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation or in patients in the Trendelenburg position.

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