Psychometric Measure

A Psychometric Measure is a human measure for assessing psychological constructs (through standardized procedures).

• AKA: Psychological Test, Psychometric Assessment, Psychological Measurement Tool, Psychometric Test, Psychological Measure, Psychological Measurement, Psychometric Measurement.
• Context:
  • It can typically assess Psychological Construct through test items and scoring procedures.
  • It can typically quantify Human Behavior Sample via standardized tasks and performance metrics.
  • It can typically measure Individual Difference using objective methods and systematic protocols.
  • It can typically establish Norm References through population samples and statistical distributions.
  • It can typically demonstrate Reliability through consistency measures and stability indices.
  • It can typically show Validity through construct evidence and criterion correlations.
  • ...
  • It can often support Clinical Psychology for diagnostic assessment and treatment planning.
  • It can often enable Educational Psychology for learning outcome and cognitive development.
  • It can often guide Organizational Psychology through personnel selection and employee assessment.
  • It can often inform Research Psychology through hypothesis testing and theory development.
  • It can often assist Forensic Psychology for competency evaluation and risk assessment.
  • It can often facilitate Health Psychology through behavioral assessment and outcome measurement.
  • ...
  • It can range from being a Unidimensional Psychometric Measure to being a Multidimensional Psychometric Measure, depending on its construct complexity.
  • It can range from being a Paper-Based Test to being a Computerized Adaptive Assessment, depending on its administration method.
  • It can range from being a Single Domain Measure to being a Cross-Cultural Assessment, depending on its application scope.
  • It can range from being a Brief Screening Measure to being a Comprehensive Battery, depending on its assessment depth.
  • It can range from being a Self-Report Measure to being a Performance-Based Measure, depending on its data collection method.
  • It can range from being a Norm-Referenced Test to being a Criterion-Referenced Test, depending on its interpretation framework.
  • It can range from being a Static Assessment to being a Dynamic Assessment, depending on its measurement approach.
  • ...
  • It can minimize Response Bias through question formats and administration protocols.
  • It can undergo Psychometric Validation for establishing measurement properties.
  • It can utilize Factor Analysis for uncovering construct dimensions.
  • It can require Cultural Adaptation for different linguistic contexts and cultural settings.
  • It can maintain Measurement Invariance across population groups and time points.
  • It can employ Item Response Theory for test optimization and adaptive testing.
  • It can incorporate Machine Learning Methods for pattern recognition and prediction enhancement.
  • It can address Ethical Considerations through informed consent and confidentiality protocols.
  • ...
• Example(s):
  • Psychometric Personality Measures, such as:
    • Standard Inventorys, such as:
      • Big Five Inventory for personality dimension assessment.
      • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for psychopathology evaluation.
      • 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire for trait measurement.
      • NEO Personality Inventory for comprehensive personality assessment.
      • Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for temperament evaluation.
    • Type Indicators, such as:
      • Myers-Briggs Personality Type Measure for type category assessment.
      • Big Five Personality Traits Measure for ocean factor evaluation.
      • Enneagram Type Indicator for motivational pattern assessment.
      • DISC Assessment for behavioral style evaluation.
  • Psychometric Intelligence Measures, such as:
    • General Intelligence Scales, such as:
      • g Intelligence Factor Test for general cognitive ability assessment.
      • Fluid Intelligence Measure for abstract problem solving assessment.
      • Crystallized Intelligence Test for knowledge-based ability evaluation.
    • Cognitive Assessments, such as:
      • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for cognitive function measurement.
      • Raven's Progressive Matrices for abstract reasoning assessment.
      • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales for ability evaluation.
      • Kaufman Assessment Battery for children cognitive assessment.
      • Woodcock-Johnson Tests for cognitive ability evaluation.
    • Multiple Intelligence Measures, such as:
      • Gardner Multiple Intelligence Assessment for diverse ability evaluation.
      • Sternberg Triarchic Intelligence Test for practical intelligence assessment.
  • Psychometric Emotional-State Measures, such as:
    • Immediate State Scales, such as:
      • Current Mood Assessment for present emotion evaluation.
      • Acute Stress Measure for immediate stress assessment.
      • State Anxiety Inventory for temporary anxiety evaluation.
      • Momentary Affect Scale for real-time emotion assessment.
    • Long-Term State Scales, such as:
      • Emotional Pattern Tracker for longitudinal affect assessment.
      • Chronic Mood Measure for persistent state evaluation.
      • Mood Disorder Questionnaire for bipolar spectrum assessment.
      • Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for affect dimension measurement.
  • Psychometric Clinical Measures, such as:
    • Mental Health Scales, such as:
      • Beck Depression Inventory for depression severity assessment.
      • State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for anxiety level measurement.
      • Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule for spectrum disorder evaluation.
      • Hamilton Rating Scale for clinical depression evaluation.
      • Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for OCD severity assessment.
      • PTSD Checklist for trauma symptom evaluation.
    • Substance Use Measures, such as:
      • CAGE Questionnaire for alcohol screening.
      • Drug Abuse Screening Test for substance use evaluation.
      • Addiction Severity Index for comprehensive addiction assessment.
  • Psychometric Personal Characteristic Measures, such as:
    • Individual Trait Scales, such as:
      • Psychological Confidence Measure for self-assurance assessment.
      • Psychological Persistence Measure for determination level evaluation.
      • Psychological Self-Esteem Measure for self-worth assessment.
      • Resilience Scale for adversity response evaluation.
      • Grit Scale for perseverance assessment.
      • Self-Efficacy Scale for capability belief measurement.
    • Social Trait Scales, such as:
      • Social Status Measure for societal position assessment.
      • Gullibility Measure for susceptibility evaluation.
      • Self-Awareness Measure for metacognition evaluation.
      • Empathy Quotient for empathic ability assessment.
      • Social Skills Inventory for interpersonal competence evaluation.
      • Emotional Intelligence Scale for EQ measurement.
  • Psychometric Specialized Measures, such as:
    • Domain-Specific Scales, such as:
      • Art Appreciation Measure for aesthetic perception assessment.
      • Situational Judgement Test for scenario response evaluation.
      • Job Satisfaction Measure for workplace attitude assessment.
      • Academic Self-Concept Scale for educational self-perception evaluation.
      • Career Interest Inventory for vocational preference assessment.
      • Leadership Potential Scale for management capability evaluation.
    • Belief System Scales, such as:
      • Religious Commitment Scale for religious practice measurement.
      • Spiritual Well-Being Scale for existential assessment.
      • Values in Action Inventory for character strength evaluation.
      • Worldview Assessment for philosophical orientation measurement.
  • Mental State Measures, such as:
    • Current Mental State Measures, such as:
      • Mental Alertness Measure for cognitive state evaluation.
      • Flow State Scale for optimal experience assessment.
      • Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale for present-moment awareness evaluation.
    • Mental State Transition Measures, such as:
      • Mental State Change Measures for state transition monitoring.
      • Mood Shift Detector for emotional fluctuation assessment.
      • Cognitive Load Measure for processing demand evaluation.
    • Specialized Mental State Measures, such as:
      • Certainty Mental State Measure for conviction level assessment.
      • Confusion Assessment Method for delirium evaluation.
      • Dissociative Experiences Scale for dissociation measurement.
  • Psychometric Relationship Measures, such as:
    • Attachment Measures, such as:
      • Adult Attachment Scale for attachment style assessment.
      • Experiences in Close Relationships Scale for relationship pattern evaluation.
    • Interpersonal Measures, such as:
      • Relationship Satisfaction Scale for partnership quality assessment.
      • Interpersonal Reactivity Index for social response evaluation.
  • Psychometric Neuropsychological Measures, such as:
    • Executive Function Tests for cognitive control assessment.
    • Memory Assessment Scales for recall ability evaluation.
    • Attention Rating Scales for focus capacity measurement.
  • ...
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Physical Measurement, which assesses bodily functions rather than psychological constructs.
  • Behavioral Observation, which uses direct observation rather than standardized testing.
  • Projective Assessment, which employs unstructured methods rather than standardized procedures.
  • Educational Evaluation, which focuses on academic performance rather than psychological traits.
  • Medical Diagnostic Test, which identifies physical conditions rather than psychological characteristics.
  • Demographic Survey, which collects factual information rather than psychological assessments.
  • Performance Appraisal, which evaluates job performance rather than psychological constructs.
  • Biometric Measurement, which records physiological data rather than psychological states.
• See: Psychometrics, Test Construction, Psychological Assessment, Scale Development, Measurement Error, Test-Retest Reliability, Item Response Theory, Classical Test Theory, Human Measure, Assessment Task, Measurement Validity, Statistical Analysis, Test Standardization, Psychological Construct, Mental Health Screening, Cognitive Assessment, Personality Assessment, Behavioral Assessment, Neuropsychological Testing, Person Self-Security Measure, Self-Worth Measure.

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References

2015

• (Wikipedia, 2015) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_testing Retrieved:2015-6-25.
  • Psychological testing refers to the administration of psychological tests. A psychological test is "an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior" (p. 4). The term sample of behavior refers to an individual's performance on tasks that have usually been prescribed beforehand. The samples of behavior that make up a paper-and-pencil test, the most common type of test, are a series of items. Performance on these items produce a test score. A score on a well-constructed test is believed to reflect a psychological construct such as achievement in a school subject, cognitive ability, aptitude, emotional functioning, personality, etc. Differences in test scores are thought to reflect individual differences in the construct the test is supposed to measure. The technical term for the science behind psychological testing is psychometrics.

2013

• (Kosinski et al., 2013) ⇒ Michal Kosinski, David Stillwell, and Thore Graepel. (2013). “Private Traits and Attributes Are Predictable from Digital Records of Human Behavior.” In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15).
  • QUOTE: We show that easily accessible digital records of behavior, Facebook Likes, can be used to automatically and accurately predict a range of highly sensitive personal attributes including: sexual orientation, ethnicity, religious and political views, personality traits, intelligence, happiness, use of addictive substances, parental separation, age, and gender. The analysis presented is based on a dataset of over 58,000 volunteers who provided their Facebook Likes, detailed demographic profiles, and the results of several psychometric tests. The proposed model uses dimensionality reduction for preprocessing the Likes data, which are then entered into logistic/linear regression to [[predict individual psychodemographic profiles from Likes. The model correctly discriminates between homosexual and heterosexual men in 88% of cases, African Americans and Caucasian Americans in 95% of cases, and between Democrat and Republican in 85% of cases. For the personality trait “Openness," prediction accuracy is close to the test-retest accuracy of a standard personality test. We give examples of associations between attributes and Likes and discuss implication]]s for online personalization and privacy.

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