Prospective Data Analysis Task
A Prospective Data Analysis Task is a Data Analysis Task that can predict future patterns and events based on historical data.
- AKA: Prospective Cohort Study Data Analysis Task.
- Context:
- It can range from being an Open Cohort Prospective Data Analysis Task to being a Closed Cohort Prospective Data Analysis Task.
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Prospective Cohort Study, Statistical Analysis Task, Retrospective, Knowledge Discovery, Data Mining Task.
References
2019
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospective_cohort_study Retrieved:2019-7-6.
- A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.[1] For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits, to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonsmokers.
The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders. The distinguishing feature of a prospective cohort study is that at the time that the investigators begin enrolling subjects and collecting baseline exposure information, none of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest. After baseline information is collected, subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed "longitudinally," i.e. over a period of time, usually for years, to determine if and when they become diseased and whether their exposure status changes outcomes. In this way, investigators can eventually use the data to answer many questions about the associations between "risk factors" and disease outcomes. For example, one could identify smokers and non-smokers at baseline and compare their subsequent incidence of developing heart disease. Alternatively, one could group subjects based on their body mass index (BMI) and compare their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies [2] and can be more expensive than a case–control study.[3] One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time, and the collection of results is at regular time intervals, so recall error is minimized. [4] [5]
- A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.[1] For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits, to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonsmokers.
- ↑ "Definition of prospective cohort study - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms".
- ↑ .http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ArtikelNr=235241&ProduktNr=228539
- ↑ Manolio TA, Bailey-Wilson JE, Collins FS (October 2006). “Genes, environment and the value of prospective cohort studies". Nat. Rev. Genet. 7 (10): 812–20. doi:10.1038/nrg1919. PMID 16983377.
- ↑ http://www.answers.com/topic/cohort-study
- ↑ Porta M (editor). A dictionary of epidemiology. 5th. edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Edited by Miquel Porta
2017
- (Anuar et al., 2017) ⇒ A.M. Khairul Anuar, S.F.K. Shahnaz, E.F.S. Wong, H.E. Evelyn Tan, Y.Q. Chan, T. Karunakaran, T.M. Lee, M. Ko (2017). "127 A Prospective Data Analysis On Prevalence Of Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) Of The Elderly At Htar, Malaysia". Kidney International Reports, 2(4), S35. DOI:10.1016/j.ekir.2017.06.113
2016
- (LaMorte, 2016) ⇒ Wayne W. LaMorte (2016). http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/EP/EP713_CohortStudies/EP713_CohortStudies2.html
- QUOTE: Of course, data analysis cannot take place until enough 'events' or 'outcomes' have occurred, so time must elapse, and the analyses will look at events that have occurred during the period of time from the beginning of the study until the time of the analysis or the end of the study. It goes without saying that analysis is always done retrospectively, because a span of time has to have elapsed before you can compare incidence. The thing that makes prospective cohort studies prospective is that they were designed prospectively, and subjects were enrolled and had baseline data collected before any of them developed any of the outcomes of interest. Determining baseline exposure status before disease events occur gives prospective studies an important advantage in reducing certain types of bias that can occur in retrospective cohort studies and case-control studies, though at the cost of efficiency.
After baseline information is collected, subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed “longitudinally," i.e. over a period of time, usually for years. This enables the investigators to know when follow up began, if and when subjects become diseased, if and when they become lost to follow up, and whether their exposure status changed during the follow up period. By having individual data on these details for each subject, the investigators can compute and compare the incidence rates text annotation indicator for each of the exposure groups.
- QUOTE: Of course, data analysis cannot take place until enough 'events' or 'outcomes' have occurred, so time must elapse, and the analyses will look at events that have occurred during the period of time from the beginning of the study until the time of the analysis or the end of the study. It goes without saying that analysis is always done retrospectively, because a span of time has to have elapsed before you can compare incidence. The thing that makes prospective cohort studies prospective is that they were designed prospectively, and subjects were enrolled and had baseline data collected before any of them developed any of the outcomes of interest. Determining baseline exposure status before disease events occur gives prospective studies an important advantage in reducing certain types of bias that can occur in retrospective cohort studies and case-control studies, though at the cost of efficiency.
2014
- (Kalogeropoulos, 2014) Andreas Kalogeropoulos (2014). "Understanding Retrospective vs. Prospective Study designs" (Talk)
- QUOTE: Retrospective vs. Prospective.
- Retrospective:
- The outcome has already happened (by the time of study design)!
- Practically, you just dig into data (~EHR)
- Can only be observational.
- Prospective:
- Interventional (has to be prospective)
- Observational
- Retrospective:
- QUOTE: Retrospective vs. Prospective.
2012
- (Boesen et al., 2012) ⇒ Anders Ploug Boesen, Morten Ilum Boesen, Soren Torp-Pedersen, Robin Christensen, Lars Boesen, Per Holmich, Michael Bachmann Nielsen, Merete Juhl Koenig, Andreas Hartkopp, Karen Ellegaard, Henning Bliddal, Henning Langberg (2012). "Associations between abnormal ultrasound color Doppler measures and tendon pain symptoms in badminton players during a season: a prospective cohort study". The American journal of sports medicine, 40(3), 548-555.
1999
- (Zaiane, 1999) ⇒ Osmar Zaiane. (1999). “Glossary of Data Mining Terms." University of Alberta, Computing Science CMPUT-690: Principles of Knowledge Discovery in Databases.
- QUOTE: Prospective Data Analysis: Data analysis that predicts future trends, behaviors, or events based on historical data.