Positive Punishment

AKA: Undesirable Experience Received.
Context:
- It can range from being a Natural Positive Punishment to being a Artificial Positive Punishment.
Example(s):
- bodily pain, such as from a hit
- loud noise, such as yelling.
- …
Counter-Example(s):
- a Negative Punishment.
- a Positive Reinforcement.
See: Motivating Operation, Causal, Extinction (Psychology).

References

(Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reinforcement#Operant_conditioning Retrieved:2014-11-14.
- … Positive punishment occurs when a response produces a stimulus and that responses decreases in probability in the future
  in similar circumstances.
  - Example: A mother yells at a child when he or she runs into the street. If the child stops running into the street, the yelling ceases. The yelling acts as positive punishment because the mother presents (adds) an unpleasant stimulus in the form of yelling.

(Linehan et al., 2011) ⇒ Conor Linehan, Ben Kirman, Shaun Lawson, and Gail Chan. (2011). “Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-validated Guidelines for Designing Educational Games.” In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ISBN:978-1-4503-0228-9 doi:10.1145/1978942.1979229
- QUOTE: Positive Punishment describes a situation where the presentation or addition of a stimulus as a consequence of an instance of behaviour makes that behaviour less likely to occur in that context in future. For example, in modern First-person Shooter Games, running aggressively into battle with machine guns firing and little regard to tactics is typically punished by the player’s rapid death.