Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) PRO
A Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) PRO is a PRO instrument within Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) focused on depression measurement.
- Context:
- COA Score: PHQ-9 Score (from 0 to 27).
- It can (typically) cover events for the past two weeks.
- It can be a superset to Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2).
- …
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) (measures anxiety severity).
- PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders).
- EQ-5D PRO.
- See: Patient Reported Outcome (PRO), Depression Severity Measure, Depression Screening Instrument.
References
2021
- (National HIV Curriculum) ⇒ https://www.hiv.uw.edu/page/mental-health-screening/phq-9
- QUOTE: Interpretation Provisional Diagnosis and Proposed Treatment Actions
25%PHQ-9 Score Depression Severity Proposed Treatment Actions 0 – 4 None-minimal None 5 – 9 Mild Watchful waiting; repeat PHQ-9 at follow-up 10 – 14 Moderate Treatment plan, considering counseling, follow-up and/or pharmacotherapy 15 – 19 Moderately Severe Active treatment with pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy 20 – 27 Severe Immediate initiation of pharmacotherapy and, if severe impairment or poor response to therapy, expedited referral to a mental health specialist for psychotherapy and/or collaborative management
2021
- (MD+Calc, 2021) ⇒ https://www.mdcalc.com/phq-9-patient-health-questionnaire-9
- QUOTE: Ask the patient: how often have they been bothered by the following over the past 2 weeks?
Scale: Not at all (0), Several days (+1), More than half the days (+2), Nearly every day (+3).
- Over the last two weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems?
- Little interest or pleasure in doing things?
- Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
- Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much?
- Feeling tired or having little energy?
- Poor appetite or overeating?
- Feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down?
- Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television?
- Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed?
- Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual?
- Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way?
- QUOTE: Ask the patient: how often have they been bothered by the following over the past 2 weeks?
2004
- (Löwe et al., 2004) ⇒ Bernd Löwe, Kurt Kroenke, Wolfgang Herzog, and Kerstin Gräfe. (2004). “Measuring Depression Outcome with a Brief Self-report Instrument: Sensitivity to Change of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). ” Journal of affective disorders, 81(1).
- QUOTE: The nine-item depression module from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is well validated and widely used as a brief diagnostic and severity measure, but its validity as an outcome measure for depression has not yet been established. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity to change of the PHQ-9 in three groups of patients whose depression status either improved, remained unchanged, or deteriorated over time. ...
... Many depression screening instruments have been developed during the past 40 years. However, the ‘‘Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)’’ (Spitzer et al., 1999) was the first self-report questionnaire designed for use in primary care that actually diagnoses specific disorders using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Its nine-item depression module, the PHQ-9, is increasingly being used as a brief diagnostic and severity measure in research and clinical practice (Kroenke et al., 2001).
- QUOTE: The nine-item depression module from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is well validated and widely used as a brief diagnostic and severity measure, but its validity as an outcome measure for depression has not yet been established. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity to change of the PHQ-9 in three groups of patients whose depression status either improved, remained unchanged, or deteriorated over time. ...
1999
- (Spitzer et al., 1999) ⇒ Robert L. Spitzer, Kurt Kroenke, Janet BW Williams, Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group, and Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group. (1999). “Validation and Utility of a Self-report Version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ Primary Care Study.” Jama 282, no. 18
- QUOTE: ... Mental disorders in primary care are common, disabling, costly, and treatable.1-5 However, they are frequently unrecognized and therefore not treated.2-6 Although there have been many screening instruments developed,7,8 PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders)5 was the first instrument designed for use in primary care that actually diagnoses specific disorders using diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition9(DSM-III-R) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition10(DSM-IV).
PRIME-MD is a 2-stage system in which the patient first completes a 26-item self-administered questionnaire that screens for 5 of the most common groups of disorders in primary care: depressive, anxiety, alcohol, somatoform, and eating disorders. In the original study,5 the average amount of time spent by the physician to administer the clinician evaluation guide to patients who scored positively on the patient questionnaire was 8.4 minutes. ...
... although PRIME-MD has been widely used in clinical research,12-28 its use in clinical settings has apparently been limited. This article describes the development, validation, and utility of a fully self-administered version of the original PRIME-MD, called the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire (henceforth referred to as the PHQ). ...
- QUOTE: ... Mental disorders in primary care are common, disabling, costly, and treatable.1-5 However, they are frequently unrecognized and therefore not treated.2-6 Although there have been many screening instruments developed,7,8 PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders)5 was the first instrument designed for use in primary care that actually diagnoses specific disorders using diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition9(DSM-III-R) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition10(DSM-IV).