Nucleotide Molecule
A Nucleotide Molecule is an organic molecule that consists of a nucleoside and a phosphate.
- Context:
- It can serve as a monomeric unit of nucleic acid polymers, such as DNA and RNA.
- It can participate in cell signaling processes by forming cyclic nucleotides such as cGMP and cAMP.
- It can provide chemical energy in the form of nucleoside triphosphates like ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP.
- It can be incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions.
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- Example(s):
- A Single-Phosphate Nucleotide, such as Cyclic Nucleotide (cNMP).
- An Inosinic Acid.
- A Nucleoside Triphosphate, such as: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
- Deoxyadenosine Monophosphate, which forms part of DNA structure.
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- Counter-Example(s):
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- See: Nucleotides, Radionuclide, Deoxyadenosine Monophosphate, Nucleoside, Phosphate, Monomer, Nucleic Acid, Polymers, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Ribonucleic Acid.
References
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nucleotide Retrieved:2021-9-3.
- Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver.
Nucleotides are composed of three subunit molecules: a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates. The four nucleobases in DNA are guanine, adenine, cytosine and thymine; in RNA, uracil is used in place of thymine.
Nucleotides also play a central role in metabolism at a fundamental, cellular level. They provide chemical energy—in the form of the nucleoside triphosphates, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP)—throughout the cell for the many cellular functions that demand energy, including: amino acid, protein and cell membrane synthesis, moving the cell and cell parts (both internally and intercellularly), cell division, etc.[1] In addition, nucleotides participate in cell signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate or cGMP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cAMP), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (e.g. coenzyme A, FAD, FMN, NAD, and NADP+).
In experimental biochemistry, nucleotides can be radiolabeled using radionuclides to yield radionucleotides.
- Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver.
- ↑ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K & Walter P (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. . pp. 120–121.