Negativity Bias
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A Negativity Bias is a cognitive bias that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive natures.
References
2023
- (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/negativity_bias Retrieved:2023-8-14.
- The negativity bias,[1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.[2] [3] [4] In other words, something very positive will generally have less of an impact on a person's behavior and cognition than something equally emotional but negative. The negativity bias has been investigated within many different domains, including the formation of impressions and general evaluations; attention, learning, and memory; and decision-making and risk considerations.
- ↑ Kanouse, D. E., & Hanson, L. (1972). Negativity in evaluations. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, S. Valins, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBaumeister et al. 2001 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedLewicka et al. 1992 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRozin & Royzman 2001
2019
- (Kauschke et al., 2019) ⇒ C. Kauschke, D. Bahn, M. Vesker, and Others. (2019). “The Role of Emotional Valence for the Processing of Facial and Verbal Stimuli—Positivity or Negativity Bias?" In: Frontiers in Psychology.
- NOTE: It explores the controversial matter of whether there is more efficient processing for positive or negative emotions.
2018
- (Carstensen & DeLiema, 2018) ⇒ L.L. Carstensen, and M. DeLiema. (2018). “The Positivity Effect: A Negativity Bias in Youth Fades with Age." In: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.
- NOTE: It discusses the empirical basis for the conception of the positivity effect as emotion, examining how older people experience relatively low levels of negative emotions.
2008
- (Vaish et al., 2008) ⇒ A. Vaish, T. Grossmann, and A. Woodward. (2008). “Not All Emotions Are Created Equal: The Negativity Bias in Social-Emotional Development." In: Psychological Bulletin.
- NOTE: It focuses on evidence for the negativity bias in emotion processing, considering the ontogenetic emergence of the negativity bias.
2001
- (Rozin & Royzman, 2001) ⇒ P. Rozin, and E.B. Royzman. (2001). “Negativity Bias, Negativity Dominance, and Contagion." In: Personality and Social Psychology Review.
- NOTE: It considers various theoretical accounts for negativity bias, suggesting that negative entities' dominance is due to them being more contagious.
1998
- (Ito et al., 1998) ⇒ T.A. Ito, J.T. Larsen, N.K. Smith, and Others. (1998). “Negative Information Weighs More Heavily on the Brain: The Negativity Bias in Evaluative Categorizations." In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
- NOTE: It discusses the operation of the negativity bias, incorporating it into a more general model of evaluative space.