Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Molecule
A Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Molecule is an amide molecule that is a chiral molecule with two stereocenters at the carbon atoms C-5 and C-8.
- Context:
- It can be a Psychedelic (associated with an LSD-induced experiences).
- ...
- Counter-Example(s):
- MDMA.
- THC.
- Psilocybin.
- See: Alkaloid Molecule, Lysergic Acid, Ergot, Elicit Drug, Renal, Psychedelic Drug, Synesthesia.
References
2016
- (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide Retrieved:2016-4-12.
- Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects, which include altered thinking processes, closed- and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time, and spiritual experiences. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. As a liquid, it can be given by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD injected intravenously taking approximately 30 minutes before the effects are realized.
LSD is not addictive. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD is in the ergoline family. LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, especially in solution, though its potency may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. LSD is very potent, with 20–30 µg (micrograms) being the threshold dose. LSD was first made by Albert Hofmann in Switzerland in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical from the fungus, ergot. The laboratory name for the compound was the acronym for the German, "Lyserg-säure-diäthylamid", followed by a sequential number: LSD-25.[1] Hofmann discovered its psychedelic properties in 1943. LSD was introduced as a commercial medication under the trade-name Delysid for various psychiatric uses in 1947. [2] In the 1950s, officials at the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be useful for mind control and chemical warfare; the agency's Project MKUltra research program gave the drug to young servicemen and students. The subsequent recreational use by youth culture in the Western world as part of 1960s counterculture resulted in its prohibition.
- Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects, which include altered thinking processes, closed- and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time, and spiritual experiences. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. As a liquid, it can be given by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD injected intravenously taking approximately 30 minutes before the effects are realized.
- ↑ Hofmann, Albert. LSD—My Problem Child (McGraw-Hill, 1980). ISBN 0-07-029325-2.
- ↑ Arthur Stoll and Albert Hofmann LSD Patent April 30, 1943 in Switzerland and March 23, 1948 in the United States.
2016
- https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/apr/11/lsd-impact-brain-revealed-groundbreaking-images
- QUOTE: The profound impact of LSD on the brain has been laid bare by the first modern scans of people high on the drug. LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide, was first synthesised in 1938 but its extraordinary psychological properties did not become clear until 1943. Throughout the 1950s and 60s the drug had a major impact on psychology and psychiatric research, but its adoption as a recreational drug and its influence on youth culture led to it being banned in the 1960s. … The outlawing of LSD had an immediate effect on scientific research and studies into its effects on the brain and its potential therapeutic uses have been hampered ever since. …
Under the influence, brain networks that deal with vision, attention, movement and hearing became far more connected, leading to what looked like a “more unified brain”, he said. But at the same time, other networks broke down. Scans revealed a loss of connections between part of the brain called the parahippocampus and another region known as the retrosplenial cortex.
- QUOTE: The profound impact of LSD on the brain has been laid bare by the first modern scans of people high on the drug. LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide, was first synthesised in 1938 but its extraordinary psychological properties did not become clear until 1943. Throughout the 1950s and 60s the drug had a major impact on psychology and psychiatric research, but its adoption as a recreational drug and its influence on youth culture led to it being banned in the 1960s. … The outlawing of LSD had an immediate effect on scientific research and studies into its effects on the brain and its potential therapeutic uses have been hampered ever since. …
2010
- (Nutt et al., 2010) ⇒ David J. Nutt, Leslie A. King, and Lawrence D. Phillips. (2010). “Drug Harms in the UK: A Multicriteria Decision Analysis.” In: The Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6
- Figure 2: Drugs ordered by their overall harm scores, showing the separate contributions to the overall scores of harms to users and harm to others. The weights after normalisation (0–100) are shown in the key (cumulative in the sense of the sum of all the normalised weights for all the criteria to users, 46; and for all the criteria to others, 54). CW=cumulative weight. GHB=γ hydroxybutyric acid. LSD=lysergic acid diethylamide. File:2010 DrugHarmsintheUKaMulticriteriaD-Figure2.jpg
2007
- (Nutt et al., 2007) ⇒ David Nutt, Leslie A King, William Saulsbury, and Colin Blakemore. (2007). “Development of a Rational Scale to Assess the Harm of Drugs of Potential Misuse.” In: Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4