Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation
A Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation is a synaptic potentiation that is persistently strengthened based on recent patterns of activity.
- AKA: Long-Term Potentiation, LTP.
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- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Addiction Medicine, Neuroscience, Synapse, Neuron, Long-Term Depression, Synaptic Plasticity, Chemical Synapse, Synaptic Strength, Learning, Memory, Hippocampus, Terje Lømo.
References
2018
- (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_potentiation Retrieved:2018-11-3.
- In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons [1]. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.
It is one of several phenomena underlying synaptic plasticity, the ability of chemical synapses to change their strength. As memories are thought to be encoded by modification of synaptic strength [2], LTP is widely considered one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlies learning and memory [1] [2].
LTP was discovered in the rabbit hippocampus by Terje Lømo in 1966 and has remained a popular subject of research since. Many modern LTP studies seek to better understand its basic biology, while others aim to draw a causal link between LTP and behavioral learning. Still others try to develop methods, pharmacologic or otherwise, of enhancing LTP to improve learning and memory. LTP is also a subject of clinical research, for example, in the areas of Alzheimer's disease and addiction medicine.
- In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons [1]. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.
2017
- (Sammut & Webb, 2017) ⇒ Claude Sammut, and Geoffrey I. Webb. (2017). "Long-Term Potentiation of Synapses". In: (Sammut & Webb, 2017).
- QUOTE: By a suitable induction protocol, the connection between two neurons can be strengthened. If this change persists for hours, the effect is called a long-term potentation.
2006
- (Cooke & Bliss, 2006) ⇒ S. F. Cooke and T. V. P. Bliss (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain, 129(7), 1659-1673.
- QUOTE: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of chemical synaptic transmission and the converse process of long-term depression (LTD) are the most widely studied physiological models of memory formation in the mammalian brain. LTP results from coincident activity of pre- and post-synaptic elements, bringing about a facilitation of chemical transmission that lasts for hours in vitro, and that can persist for periods of weeks or months in vivo...
2001
- (Purves et al., 2001) ⇒ Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, Lawrence C. Katz, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and S. Mark Williams (2001). Glossary. In: Neuroscience, 2nd edition, ISBN-10: 0-87893-742-0
- QUOTE: long-term potentiation (LTP) - A persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity.
1993
- (Bliss & Collingridge, 1993) ⇒ T. V. P. Bliss and G. L. Collingridge (1993). "A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus". Nature, 361(6407), 31.
- QUOTE: Activity-dependent synaptic potentiation occurs within milliseconds and can persist for many hours in the anaesthetised animal or in the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation, and for days when induced in the freely moving animal. This time span incorporates a number of mechanistically distinct temporal components, which include post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), short-term potentiation (STP) and LTP. Activity-dependent potentiation can also be classified on the basis of whether or not its induction is blocked by antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor (Box I). In this article, by LTP we mean synaptic potentiation, which is both NMDA receptor-dependent and lasts for more than an hour.
LTP is expressed as a persistent increase in the size of the synaptic component of the evoked response, recorded from individual cells or from populations of neurons....
- QUOTE: Activity-dependent synaptic potentiation occurs within milliseconds and can persist for many hours in the anaesthetised animal or in the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation, and for days when induced in the freely moving animal. This time span incorporates a number of mechanistically distinct temporal components, which include post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), short-term potentiation (STP) and LTP. Activity-dependent potentiation can also be classified on the basis of whether or not its induction is blocked by antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor (Box I). In this article, by LTP we mean synaptic potentiation, which is both NMDA receptor-dependent and lasts for more than an hour.