Likert Psychometric Scale

A Likert Psychometric Scale is a Rating Scale that is a psychometric scale developed by Rensis Likert.

• AKA: Likert Scale, Likert Rating Scale, Likert Response Scale, Likert Scoring System.
• Context:
  • It can range from being a Dichotomous Likert Scale, to being a Three-Point Likert Scale, to being a Seven-Point Likert Scale.
  • It can range from being an Agreement Likert Scale to being a Frequency Likert Scale.
  • It can range from being an Importance Likert Scale to being a Likelhood Likert Scale.
• Example(s):
  • a Likert Word Similarity Scale,
  • a five-point agreement likert scale :

	Points
Strongly Agree	5
Agree	4
Neither Agree nor Disagree	3
Disagree	2
Strongly Disagree	1

• a five-point frequency likert scale :

	Points
Always	5
Often	4
Sometimes	3
Rarely	2
Never	1

• ..
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • a Borg Scale,
  • a Bogardus Social Distance Scale,
  • a Discan scale,
  • a Guttman Scale,
  • a Mokken Scale,
  • a Phrase Completion Scale,
  • a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,
  • a Semantic Differential Scale,
  • a Thurstone Scale.
• See: Questionnaire, Voting System, Item Response Theory (IRT), Rasch Model, Visual Analogue Scale.

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References

2021

• (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likert_scale Retrieved:2021-7-29.
  • A Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs questionnaires. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term (or more fully the Likert-type scale) is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there are other types of rating scales. The scale is named after its inventor, psychologist Rensis Likert. Likert distinguished between a scale proper, which emerges from collective responses to a set of items (usually eight or more), and the format in which responses are scored along a range. Technically speaking, a Likert scale refers only to the former. The difference between these two concepts has to do with the distinction Likert made between the underlying phenomenon being investigated and the means of capturing variation that points to the underlying phenomenon. When responding to a Likert item, respondents specify their level of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale for a series of statements. Thus, the range captures the intensity of their feelings for a given item. As such, Likert scales have found application in psychology and social sciences, statistics, business and marketing. A scale can be created as the simple sum or average of questionnaire responses over the set of individual items (questions). In so doing, Likert scaling assumes distances between each choice (answer option) are equal. Many researchers employ a set of such items that are highly correlated (that show high internal consistency) but also that together will capture the full domain under study (which requires less-than perfect correlations). Others hold to a standard by which "All items are assumed to be replications of each other or in other words items are considered to be parallel instruments". By contrast, modern test theory treats the difficulty of each item (the ICCs) as information to be incorporated in scaling items.

2019

• (McLeod, 2019) ⇒ S. A. McLeod (2019, August 03). Likert scale. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/likert-scale.html
  • QUOTE: Various kinds of rating scales have been developed to measure attitudes directly (i.e. the person knows their attitude is being studied). The most widely used is the Likert scale (1932).

    In its final form, the Likert scale is a five (or seven) point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement.

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