Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Disorder
An Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Disorder is an chronic autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenic purpura (in which antibodies accelerate platelet destruction or possibly impair platelet production).
- Context:
- It can be characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding.
- It can (rarely) lead to severe hemorrhages, such as intracranial hemorrhage.
- It can be (traditionally) treated by therapies, such as: steroids, immunoglobulin therapy, and splenectomy (to reduce peripheral platelet destruction).
- Its underlying immunopathologic mechanisms are only recently becoming better understood.
- It can be (experimentally) treated by therapies such as: thrombopoietic agents, inhibitors of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) signaling, and B-cell depletion therapies.
- See: Thrombocytopenia, Red Blood Cell, White Blod Cell, Clotting Disorder/Coagulopathy, Plateletpheresis, Purpuric.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_thrombocytopenic_purpura Retrieved:2020-3-8.
- Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is a type of thrombocytopenic purpura defined as an isolated low platelet count with a normal bone marrow in the absence of other causes of low platelets. It causes a characteristic red or purple bruise-like rash and an increased tendency to bleed. Two distinct clinical syndromes manifest as an acute condition in children and a chronic condition in adults. The acute form often follows an infection and spontaneously resolves within two months. Chronic immune thrombocytopenia persists longer than six months with a specific cause being unknown.
ITP is an autoimmune disease with antibodies detectable against several platelet surface structures.
ITP is diagnosed by identifying a low platelet count on a complete blood count (a common blood test). However, since the diagnosis depends on the exclusion of other causes of a low platelet count, additional investigations (such as a bone marrow biopsy) may be necessary in some cases.
In mild cases, only careful observation may be required but very low counts or significant bleeding may prompt treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, anti-D immunoglobulin, or immunosuppressive medications. Refractory ITP (not responsive to conventional treatment) may require surgical removal of the spleen. Platelet transfusions may be used in severe cases with very low platelet counts in people who are bleeding. Sometimes the body may compensate by making abnormally large platelets.
- Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is a type of thrombocytopenic purpura defined as an isolated low platelet count with a normal bone marrow in the absence of other causes of low platelets. It causes a characteristic red or purple bruise-like rash and an increased tendency to bleed. Two distinct clinical syndromes manifest as an acute condition in children and a chronic condition in adults. The acute form often follows an infection and spontaneously resolves within two months. Chronic immune thrombocytopenia persists longer than six months with a specific cause being unknown.
2010
- (Palau et al., 2010) ⇒ Javier Palau, Isidro Jarque, and Miguel A Sanz. (2010) "Long-term Management of Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Adults.” In: International Journal of General Medicine, 3. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S4722
- QUOTE: ... Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is generally a more benign disease than previously thought. …
2009
- (Stasi, 2009) ⇒ Rorberto Stasi. (2009) "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: The Treatment Paradigm.” In: European Journal of Haematology, 2009 - Wiley Online Library, (82:s71) doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01208.x
- QUOTE: Immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable severity and an unpredictable response to therapy. This heterogeneity presents a range of problems to the clinician when deciding who should receive pharmacological treatment and when such interventions should be initiated.
2008
- (Stasi et al., 2008) ⇒ Rorberto Stasi, Maria Laura Enangelista, Elisa Stipa, Francesco Buccisano, Adriano Venditi, and Sergio Amadori. (2008). “Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Current Concepts in Pathophysiology and Management.” In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis, (99:1).
- QUOTE: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by a low platelet count, which is the result of both increased platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production.
2007
- (Arnold & Kelton, 2007) ⇒ Donald M. Arnold, and John G. Kelton. (2007). “Current Options for the Treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.” In: Seminars in Hematology, 44(4 Suppl 5). doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2007.11.003
- (Psaila & Bussel, 2007) ⇒ Bethan Psaila, and James B. Bussel. (2007). “Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura.” In: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 21(4). [http:dx.doi.or doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2007.06.007]