Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD)

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A Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) is a clinical scale (used to rate the severity of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with depression).

  • Context:
    • It can (often) be used in research settings and clinical trials to measure changes in depressive symptoms over time.
    • It can be administered by trained healthcare professionals such as psychiatrists or psychologists.
    • It can help in identifying the severity of depression and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
    • It can have several versions with varying numbers of items (e.g., HDRS-17, HDRS-21), where higher scores indicate greater severity of depression.
    • It can include items rated on either a 3-point or 5-point scale, depending on the item.
    • It can have its total score calculated by adding the scores of each item, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
    • It can be insensitive to changes in some domains of depression, such as atypical features or cognitive changes.
    • It can (typically) not be used for screening; it is used for assessing severity in patients already diagnosed with depression.
    • It can require training for proper use and
    • …
  • Example(s):
    • A psychiatrist uses HDRS to evaluate the efficacy of an antidepressant in reducing depressive symptoms in a patient over time.
    • HDRS-17, which includes 17 items assessing mood, feelings of guilt, suicide ideation, insomnia, agitation or retardation, anxiety, weight loss, and somatic symptoms.
    • …
  • Counter-Example(s):
  • See Also: Depression, Clinical Scale, Mental Health, Mental Health Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory, Healthcare Professional, Clinical Practice, Weight Loss, Depression (Mood), Max Hamilton, Mood (Psychology), Insomnia, Psychomotor Agitation, Anxiety.

References

2023

  • (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Rating_Scale_for_Depression Retrieved:2023-6-15.
    • The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), also called the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), sometimes also abbreviated as HAM-D, is a multiple-item questionnaire used to provide an indication of depression, and as a guide to evaluate recovery. Max Hamilton originally published the scale in 1960 and revised it in 1966, 1967, 1969, and 1980. The questionnaire is designed for adults and is used to rate the severity of their depression by probing mood, feelings of guilt, suicide ideation, insomnia, agitation or retardation, anxiety, weight loss, and somatic symptoms. The HRSD has been criticized for use in clinical practice as it places more emphasis on insomnia than on feelings of hopelessness, self-destructive thoughts, suicidal cognitions and actions. [1] An antidepressant may show statistical efficacy even when thoughts of suicide increase but sleep is improved, or for that matter, an antidepressant that as a side effect increase sexual and gastrointestinal symptom ratings may register as being less effective in treating the depression itself than it actually is. Hamilton maintained that his scale should not be used as a diagnostic instrument. [2]

      The original 1960 version contained 17 items (HDRS-17), but four other questions not added to the total score were used to provide additional clinical information. Each item on the questionnaire is scored on a 3 or 5 point scale, depending on the item, and the total score is compared to the corresponding descriptor. Assessment time is about 20 minutes.

  1. ↑ Firestone, R.W., & Firestone, L.A. (1996). Firestone Assessment of Self-Destructive Thoughts Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  2. ↑ Berrios, G.E., & Bulbena, A. (1990). The Hamilton Depression Scale and the Numerical Description of the Symptoms of Depression. In Bech, P., & Coppen, A. (Eds.), The Hamilton Scales, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 80–92
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