Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ)

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A Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) is a militant Quebec sovereignty group.

References

2023

  • (Wikipedia, 2023) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_de_libération_du_Québec Retrieved:2023-10-4.
    • The '('FLQ) was a militant Quebec separatist group which aimed to establish an independent and socialist Quebec through violent means. [1] It was considered a terrorist group by the Canadian government. Founded sometime in the early 1960s, the FLQ conducted a number of attacks between 1963 and 1970, [2] which totaled over 160 violent incidents and killed eight people and injured many more. [3] These attacks culminated with the Montreal Stock Exchange bombing in 1969 and the October Crisis in 1970, the latter beginning with the kidnapping of British Trade Commissioner James Cross. In the subsequent negotiations, Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was kidnapped and murdered by a cell of the FLQ. Public outcryand a federal crackdown subsequently ended the crisis and resulted in a drastic loss of support for the FLQ, with a small number of FLQ members being granted refuge in Cuba. FLQ members practiced propaganda of the deed and issued declarations that called for a socialist insurrection against oppressors identified with Anglo-Saxon imperialism,[4] the overthrow of the Quebec government, the independence of Quebec from Canada and the establishment of a French-speaking "workers' society" in Quebec. It gained the support of many left-leaning students, teachers and academics up to 1970, who engaged in public strikes in solidarity with FLQ during the October Crisis. After the kidnapping of Cross, nearly 1,000 students at signed a petition supporting the FLQ manifesto. This public support largely ended after the group announced they had executed Laporte, in a public communique that ended with an insult of the victim. The KGB, which had established contact with the FLQ before 1970, later forged documents to portray them as a CIA false flag operation, a story that gained limited traction among academic sources before declassified Soviet archives revealed the ruse. By the early 1980s, most of the imprisoned FLQ members had been paroled or released.[5]
  1. ↑ Gérard Pelletier. The October Crisis. McClellan and Stewart, 1971. Pp. 55.
  2. ↑ Reich, Walter. Origins of Terrorism. 1998, page 88
  3. ↑ Torrance, Judy. Public Violence in Canada. 1988, page 37
  4. ↑ Torrance, Judy. Public Violence in Canada. 1988, page 35
  5. ↑ The October Crisis of 1970, JCS 2008

2023

  • GBard
    • The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) was a militant Quebec separatist group that used violence to try and achieve an independent and socialist Quebec. It was active between 1963 and 1972 and was responsible for the deaths of 10 people and dozens of injuries.
    • The FLQ was founded in the 1960s, during a time of great social and political change in Quebec. The province was in the midst of an economic and cultural boom, but it was still dominated by anglophones. The FLQ saw violence as the only way to draw attention to the cause of independence and force the Canadian government to negotiate.
    • The FLQ's actions culminated in the October Crisis of 1970, when the group kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross and Quebec cabinet minister Pierre Laporte. The crisis led to the imposition of the War Measures Act in Quebec and the arrest of several FLQ members.
    • After the October Crisis, the FLQ was weakened, but it did not disappear. The group remained active for several more years, but it never again reached the same level of violence.
    • The FLQ's demands were as follows:
      • The independence of Quebec from Canada
      • The creation of an independent and socialist Quebec
      • The end of anglophone domination in Quebec
    • FLQ members were generally young French-speaking Quebecois who were frustrated by the lack of progress on the cause of independence. They believed that violence was necessary to draw attention to the cause and force the Canadian government to negotiate.
    • The FLQ had a significant impact on Quebec history. The group helped to raise awareness of the cause of independence and forced the Canadian government to negotiate with separatists. However, the FLQ's violence also divided Quebec society and helped to create a climate of fear.
    • Today, the FLQ is considered a terrorist group by the Canadian government. The group is no longer active, but it remains a subject of debate in Quebec.
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