Cytolysin
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A Cytolysin is a substance (e.g. antibody) secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that can destroy individual cells.
- AKA: Cytolytic Toxin.
- Context:
- It is a member of a large class of lanthionine-containing bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria.
- …
- Example(s):
- Hemolysin.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Cytolysis, Cell (Biology), Hemolysin, Listeria Monocytogenes, Secretion, Lysis, Red Blood Cell, Hemoglobin, Immune System, Venoms.
References
2017
- (Wikipedia, 2017) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolysin Retrieved:2017-6-11.
- Cytolysin refers to the substance secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that is specifically toxic to individual cells, [1] [2] in many cases causing their dissolution through lysis. Cytolysins that have a specific action for certain cells are named accordingly. For instance, the cytolysins responsible for the destruction of red blood cells, thereby liberating hemoglobins, are named hemolysins, and so on. [3] Cytolysins may be involved in immunity as well as in venoms.
Hemolysin is also used by certain bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, to disrupt the phagosome membrane of macrophages and escape into the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Cytolysin refers to the substance secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that is specifically toxic to individual cells, [1] [2] in many cases causing their dissolution through lysis. Cytolysins that have a specific action for certain cells are named accordingly. For instance, the cytolysins responsible for the destruction of red blood cells, thereby liberating hemoglobins, are named hemolysins, and so on. [3] Cytolysins may be involved in immunity as well as in venoms.
- ↑ Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) - Thesaurus - Cytolysin
- ↑ "Cytolysin" entry from the American Heritage Medical Dictionary, on TheFreeDictionary.com (Retrieved on January 22, 2009)
- ↑ "Hemolysin" entry on TheFreeDictionary.com (Retrieved on January 22, 2009)
2013
- (Van Tyne et al., 2013) ⇒ Van Tyne, D., Martin, M. J., & Gilmore, M. S. (2013). Structure, function, and biology of the Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin. Toxins, 5(5), 895-911.PMID: 23628786
- Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal member of the gut microbiota of a wide range of organisms. With the advent of antibiotic therapy, it has emerged as a multidrug resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen. Highly virulent strains of E. faecalis express a pore-forming exotoxin, called cytolysin, which lyses both bacterial and eukaryotic cells in response to quorum signals. Originally described in the 1930s, the cytolysin is a member of a large class of lanthionine-containing bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. While the cytolysin shares some core features with other lantibiotics, it possesses unique characteristics as well. The current understanding of cytolysin biosynthesis, structure/function relationships, and contribution to the biology of E. faecalis are reviewed, and opportunities for using emerging technologies to advance this understanding are discussed.