Common Logic Framework

A Common Logic Framework is a language framework for Logic Languages based on first-order logic.

AKA: CL.
Context:
- It can be intended to facilitate the exchange and transmission of knowledge in computer-based systems.
Example(s):
Counter-Example(s):
- OWL Language.
- Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL).
See: Formal Language, Logic Language, First-Order Logic, Knowledge, Computer.

References

2016

(Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Logic Retrieved:2016-5-24.
- Common Logic (CL) is a framework for a family of logic languages, based on first-order logic, intended to facilitate the exchange and transmission of knowledge in computer-based systems.
  The CL definition permits and encourages the development of a variety of different syntactic forms, called dialects. A dialect may use any desired syntax, but it must be possible to demonstrate precisely how the concrete syntax of a dialect conforms to the abstract CL semantics, which are based on a model theoretic interpretation. Each dialect may be then treated as a formal language. Once syntactic conformance is established, a dialect gets the CL semantics for free, as they are specified relative to the abstract syntax only, and hence are inherited by any conformant dialect. In addition, all CL dialects are equivalent (i.e., can be mechanically translated to each other), although some may be more expressive than others.
  In general, a less expressive subset of CL may be translated to a more expressive version of CL, but the reverse translation is only defined on a subset of the larger language.

2011

(Sowa, 2011) ⇒ John F. Sowa, 2011. Retrieved on 2017-01-15 from: http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/clintro.pdf
- First-order logic is a subset or superset of most logic-based notations. But people are constantly inventing new notations, and they don’t want to abandon their favorite notation in favor anybody else’s. The ISO standard 24707 for Common Logic defines a very general semantic foundation for an open-ended family of dialects.

Three normative dialects are specified in ISO 24707:

But any notation that uses the common semantics can join the family.

2007a

(Obitko, 2007) ⇒ Marek Obitko. (2007). “Translations between Ontologies in Multi-Agent Systems", Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague. http://www.obitko.com/tutorials/ontologies-semantic-web/common-logic.html
- Common Logic (CL) is a framework for a family of logic-based languages with the purpose of standardizing syntax and semantics for information interchange. It is a work in progress towards an ISO standard (currently - at the end of 2006 - ISO Draft). There are three syntaxes standardized:
  - CLIF - Common Logic Interchange Format, based on KIF.
  - CGIF - Conceptual Graph Interchange Format.
  - XCL - eXtended Common Logic Markup Language, based on XML

Each CL feature has a concrete expression in these three syntaxes; in other words, any statements in any of these languages can be translated to any other language while preserving the original semantics. Common Logic model theory supports first order predicate logic, and so can be used for exchanging first order formulas in a standardized form. It also supports some features of higher order logics, such as quantifying over predicates specified in the domain of discourse (not over any possible predicates).

This project is similar to the Ontolingua project in a sense that it aims to propose interchange format, however it is more focused on logic-based languages and builds its semantics on the first order predicate logic. It also proposes multiple syntactic forms to be used for expressing the same knowledge. Also, it should become official ISO standard.

2007b

(ISO/IEC 24707:2007, 2007) ⇒ Logic, Common. “Information technology–Common Logic (CL): a framework for a family of logic-based languages." ISO/IEC 24707 (2007).
- ABSTRACT: ISO/IEC 24707:2007 defines Common Logic: a first-order logic framework intended for information exchange and transmission. The heart of the framework is a complete abstract syntax and abstract semantics for Common Logic, which provides the basis for many different concrete syntactic forms, called dialects, which conform to the syntax and semantics. Common Logic has some novel features, chief among them being a syntax which is signature-free and permits 'higher-order' constructions such as quantification over classes or relations while preserving a first-order model theory, and a semantics which allows theories to describe intensional entities such as classes or properties. It also fixes the meanings of a few conventions in widespread use, such as numerals to denote integers and quotation marks to denote character strings, and has provision for the use of datatypes and for naming, importing and transmitting content on the World Wide Web. ISO/IEC 24707:2007 defines the abstract syntax and semantics, and three concrete dialects are defined in the annexes. The three conforming dialects specified are Common Logic Interchange Format (CLIF), Conceptual Graph Interchange Format (CGIF) and XML for Common Logic (XCL).